[343] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 49 
to be about ten inches long and .10 in diameter. Its color is a dark 
purplish or lurid brown, specked with white, and sometimes inclined 
to red. Its head is very acute, and it has a smooth, swollen, dark 
blood-red proboscis. It is a rapid burrower, penetrating deeply into 
the fine mud and sand. The Maldane elongata V. is another worm allied 
to the last, and usually associated with it, but this species constructs 
rather firm, round tubes out of the fine sand and mud, which are very 
long and descend deeply into the soil, and are often .20 to .25 of an inch 
in diameter. This worm is six or eight inches long, with a round body 
of nearly uniform diameter, which looks as if obliquely truncated at 
both ends, but the obliquely-placed upper surface of the head is bor- 
dered by a slight ridge or fold on each side and behind. The color 
is dark umber-brown, or reddish brown, the swollen part of each ring 
often lighter grayish or yellowish brown, but usually bright red, owing 
to the blood-vessels showing through. The intestine is large and filled 
with sand. ~ Another worm, belonging to the same family with the last 
and, like it, constructing long, round tubes of agglutinated sand, is the 
Clymenella torquata, (Plate XLV, figs. 71, 72, 73,) but this species often 
lives where the sand is more free from mud, or even in nearly pure, sili- 
ceous sand, and sometimes considerably above low-water mark, though 
itis also found in deep water. It generally constructs its long and 
nearly straight tubes very neatly, of fine white sand, without mud. 
It loves, however, to dwell in sheltered spots, in coves, or in the lee 
of rocks and ledges, and is also partial to those spots on the sandy 
shores where eel-grass grows, building its tubes among the roots. Itisa 
rather handsomely colored species, being usually pale red, with bright 
red bands around the swollen parts of the rings, but it is sometimes 
brownish red or dull brown. It can always be recognized by the pecu- 
liar collar on the fifth ring, and by the peculiar funnel-shaped caudal 
appendage, surrounded by small papillee, and preceded by three seg- 
ments or rings that are destitute of sete. 
The large and singular worm, Anthostoma robustum V., (Plate XIV 
fig. 76,) lives like the last, with which it often occurs, in nearly pure 
sand, where it is somewhat sheltered from the violence of the waves, 
but is also fond of places where there is more or less gravel mixed with 
the sand. It sometimes occurs some distance above low-water mark, 
and constructs a large, thick, somewhat firm tube by consolidating and 
cementing the sand around its burrow. These tubes descend nearly 
perpendicularly to a great depth, and can usually be distinguished by 
a slightly elevated mound of dirt around the opening, which is usually 
different in color from the surrounding sand; and sometimes there are 
recently-ejected cylindrical masses of such earth on the summit of the 
little hillocks. The worm itself, when full grown, is fifteen inches or 
more in length, and nearly half an inch in diameter. The head is very 
acute and the front part of the body is firm and muscular, with very 
small lateral appendages, and fascicles of sete in four rows; but back 
