348 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. | [642] 
of Casco Bay, especially at the upper end of Quahog Bay, but has not 
been found on the islands, nor farther eastward along the coast of 
Maine, nor in the Bay of Fundy. A colony exists, however, in the 
southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, associated with the pre- 
ceding and other southern species. It is found fossil in the Post-Plio- 
cene of Point Shirley, Massachusetts, Nantucket, Gardiner’s Island, 
Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina; in the Pliocene of South 
Carolina; and in the Miocene of Maryland. 
EUPLEURA CAUDATA H. and A. Adams, Plate X XI, fig. 117. (p. 371.) 
Genera of Recent Mollusca, vol. i, p. 107, 1858; Stimpson, Amer. Journal of 
Conchology, vol. i, p. 58, Plate 8, fig. 5 (dentition), 1865. Ranella caudata Say, 
Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, vol. ii, p. 236, 1822; Gould, Invert, 
of Mass., ed. i, p. 297, fig. 176; ed. ii, p. 386, fig. 648. 
Eastern coast of the United States; northward to Nantucket and Cape 
Cod; southward to northern Florida, and western Florida, at Tampa 
Bay. At Vineyard Sound it occurred living in considerable numbers in 
the shallow ditches on the marshes, as well as in the sound itself, in 1 
to 8 fathoms; off New Haven, in 1 to 5 fathoms, not abundant; Great 
Egg Harbor, frequent among eel-grass in shallow water. Hgmont Key, 
Florida (Jewett). 
In the fossil state this species has been found in the Post-Pliocene of 
Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Florida; in the Pliocene of 
South Carolina; and in the Miocene of Maryland and South Carolina. 
PURPURA LAPILLUS Lamarck. Plate XXI, figs. 118 to 120. (p. 306.) 
Anim. sans Vert., ed. i, vol. vi, 1822; ed. ii, vol. x, p. 79; Gould, Invert. of 
Mass., ed. i, p. 301; ed. ii, p. 360, fig. 630.  Buccinum lapillus Linné, Syst. 
Nature, ed. xii, p. 1202, 1767. 
Watch Hill, Rhode Island; Montauk Point, Long Island; Cuttyhunk 
Island; shores of Vineyard Sound, at Nobsca Point; northward to the 
Arctic Ocean. On the European coast southward to Portugal. North- 
eastern coast of Asia. Sitka (Middendorff). This species is local south 
of Cape Cod, and has not been found to the eastward of Stonington, Con. 
necticut, in Long Island Sound. It is extremely abundant along the 
northern coasts of New England and Nova Scotia, often nearly cover- 
ing the surface of the rocks toward low-water mark, where they are en_ 
crusted by Balanus balanoides, upon which it chiefly feeds, inserting its 
proboscis between the opercular valves of the barnacle. “ 
This shell has been found in the Post-Pliocene deposits at Waterville, 
Maine, and at Gardiner’s Island, but is not a common fossil in this 
country. In England it is found in the Red-Crag and all later forma- 
tions; it also occurs in the Post-Pliocene deposits of Scandinavia. The 
fossils show the same variations that are seen in the recent shells. 
PTYCHATRACTUS LIGATUS Stimpson. 
American Journal of Conchology, vol. i, p. 59, plate 8, fig. 8 (dentition), 1855. 
Fasciolaria ligata Mighels and Adams, Boston Journal of Nat. History, vol. iv, 
p. 51, Plate 4, fig. 17, 1842; Gould, Invert. of Mass., ed. ii, p. 385, fig. 647. 
Casco Bay, Maine, to Labrador. Stonington, Connecticut (Linsley). 
