[693] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 399 
Island Sound, Buzzard’s Bay, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts Bay, 
Casco Bay, Bay of Fundy (littoral to 50 fathoms), and northward. Fort 
Macon, North Carolina (Coues). 
Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Greenland, Labrador, Canada, Lake 
Champlain, Maine, New Brunswick, Point Shirley, Massachusetts. 
and Saint John’s River, Florida; in the Post-Pliocene of Scandinavia, 
Russia, and Great Britain; in the Red Crag and all later formations in 
England. , 
MopIoLA MODIOLUS Turton. Plate XXXT, fig. 237. (p. 309.) 
British Bivalves, p. 199, Plate 15, fig. 3, 1822; Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 123; ed. 
ii, p. 186, fig. 485; Dekay, op. cit., p. 185, Plate 24, fig. 257. Mytilus modiolus 
Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1158. (?)Modiola papuana Lamarck, Anim.sans 
Vert., ed. ii, vol. vii, p. 17; Say, Amer. Conch., Plate 45. 
Circumpolar: Greenland southward to New Jersey ; on the European 
coast from Spitzbergen southward to Great Britain and France ; in the 
North Pacific southward to Monterey, California, on the American 
coast; and southward to Northern Japan on the Asiatie coast. Long 
Island Sound, not very common; Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay, 
not abundant; common in Massachusetts Bay ; abundant in Casco Bay 
and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 80 fathoms. Staten Island and Long 
Island (S. Smith). Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Point Shirley, Massa- 
chusetts, Montreal, Canada, Scotland, Ireland, Sicily, ete. ; in the Cor- 
aline Crag, Red Crag, and later formations in England. 
MODIOLA PLICATULA Lamarck. Plate XX XI, fig. 238. (p. 307.) 
Anim. sans Vert., ed.i, 1819; ed. ii, vol. vii, p. 22; Gould, ed. i, p. 125, fig.8i; ed. ii, 
p- 188, fig. 486 ; Dekay, op. cit., p. 184, Plate 14, fig. 258; Hanley, Recent Shells, 
p. 240. Mytilus plicatus Deshayes, Encyclop. Meth., Plate 220, fig.5; Stimpson, 
Shells of New England, p. 12. Modiola semicosta Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Philad., vol. vii, p. 244, Plate 20, fig. 7, (t. Gould). Mytilus demissus Dillyn, 
Catal. Recent Shells, vol. i, p. 314 (t. Gould).  Brachydontes plicatulus H. and 
A. Adams, Genera, vol. ii, p. 517; Perkins, op. cit., p. 156. 
Georgia, to Casco Bay, Maine; more rare and local farther north ; 
in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and on the coast of 
Nova Scotia; nor observed on the coast of Maine east of the Kennebeck 
tiver, norin the Bay of Fundy. Very abundant at Egg Harbor, New 
Jersey, Long Island Sound, Buzzard’s Bay, and Vineyard Sound; less 
abundantin Massachusetts Bay, near Salem, Massachusetts, ete. ; local in 
sheltered muddy coves about Casco Bay and Quahog Bay, Maine. Mouth 
of the Kennebeck River (C. B. Fuller). Prince Edward’s Island (Daw- 
son). Nova Scotia (Willis), Fort Macon, North Carolina (Coues). 
Georgia (Couper). 
MOopIoLA HAMATUS Verrill. (pp. 374, 475.) 
American Journ. Science, vol. iii, p. 211, Plate 7, fig. 3, 1872. Mytilus hamatus 
e Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. ii, p. 265, 1822; American Con- 
chology, Plate 50; Binney’s Say, pp. 91, 204, Plate 50. Aulacomya hamatus 
Adams, Genera, vol. ii, p.513. Brachydontes hamatus Perkins, op. cit., p. 156, 1869. 
Long Island Sound to Florida, and the shores of the Gulf of Mexico 
