12 : Triassic Echinoderms of Bakony. 
p. 46; 1858), joint-surfaces of E. silesiacus «unterscheiden sich von E. granulosus 
durch das Fehlen der Kérnelung auf ihren... .Gelenkstrahlen». Other differences 
are the wider lumen and characteristic grooving of the ridges in E. silesiacus. 
Secondly, a careful search through a large number of columnals of E. granulosus 
from St. Cassian, in the British Museum and elsewhere, has brought to light enough 
intermediate forms to prove the connection of the two types of structure distinguished 
by Quenstept. It appears that the type which he regarded as E. granulosus is found 
in the proximal region of the stem, that the granules gradually run together into 
ridges, and that these increase in number in older columnals, that the central star with 
its five main ridge-pairs occupies a less proportion of the surface and is gradually 
blurred till at last no trace of it can be detected; and then we have the type which 
QuensteptT called E. cf. silesiacus.! It is, I think, in the distal region of the stem that 
the radiating ridges again break up towards the centre into coarser granules, often 
anastomosing in a rough concentric arrangement, while the central area itself is just 
a slightly roughened plateau. Such a specimen is the original of Quenstept’s fig. 101. 
Material from Bakony. — To the last mentioned type of columnal | 
refer with some doubt a fragment from the Cassian beds of Cserhat, consisting of 
four columnals: diameter 6°35 mm.; total height, 6 mm.; average height of a 
columnal, 1°5 mm. 
Side-faces of columnals very slightly convex. 
Joint-face: — lumen, pentagonal, minute, about 3 mm. diameter; central area 
irregular and indefinite in outline, slightly rough adcentrally, becoming more warty 
as it approaches the periphery, the warts finally merging into the peripheral crenellae. 
Neither a radiating nor a concentric arrangement of warts, such as are usual in the 
normal E. granulosus, can be seen clearly, but this may be due to the rather ill 
preservation of the surfaces. Crenellae number 46, length about 1 mm., width 
about 2 mm.; clearly visible at the sutures; there is even a tendency for slight 
ridges to pass from them down the sides of the columnals. 
Relations of the specimen from Bakony. — Columnals of E. gra- 
nulosus from St. Cassian of similar diameter have about the same number of cren- 
ellae, but the length of the crenellae is greater: e.g. a specimen 5°9 mm. diameter 
has 35 crenellae, 1°6 mm. long; one 6°8 mm. diameter has 42 crenellae, 2 mm. long. 
Monster’s pl. V. fig. 12, which, of all his figures, is probably the nearest to our 
specimen, with a diameter of 6°5 mm., has 42 crenellae, the shorter among which 
appear to have been less than 1 mm. long. There is, among Mtnster’s type-material, 
a specimen still more like ours: Diameter 5°25 mm., height, 1 mm., crenellae 32 
or 33, and about 1 mm. long. These details harmonise with the reference of our 
specimen to E. granulosus; but here again, it is remarkable that only one frag- 
ment should have been found. 
1 The original of QuENstrept’s fig. 102 is less like the normal 4. granulosus: the striae 
run to the centre, are coarser than ordinary, and quite obscurely granular; the crenellae are not 
clearly seen on the suture because of its depression. The 4 columnals uppermost in the figure, 
and to a less degree the 5th, have concave side-faces and slightly beaded margins. The 3 lower 
columnals have convex side-faces. 
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