132 
. thorny, covered with 
a 5 thorn-like processes, like 
“pinous, 2 a hedgehog. 
Spire, all the volutions of univalve 
_ Shells, excepting the one in which 
the aperture is situated, which is 
termed the body. 
Spiral, twisted like a cork screw, or 
revolving upon its nucleus like 
the spring of a watch. 
Squamose, scaly. 
Stellated, starred, consisting of star- 
like figures. 
Striated, scored, or covered with 
fine thread-like lines. 
Sub, in composition, means almost, 
or approaching to ; as sub-globose, 
somewhat globular. 
Sub-arcuated, somewhat arched. 
Sub-conie, somewhat conical. 
Sub-diaphanous, somewhat trans- 
parent or clear. 
Subrotund, nearly globular. 
Subulate, aw!l-shaped. 
Sulcated, furrowed or grooved. 
Sulci, furrows or grooves. 
Summit, the tip or apex. 
Suture, a hollow line or division in 
. univalve shells, the spiral line of 
_which separates the volutions. 
c 
Tabulated, is applied to a spire 
whose volutions are flattened at 
top, and square on the edges. 
Tentacula, the feelers or horns of 
mollusks which inhabit shells. 
Terebrating shells, are those which 
burrow in rocks, clay, and wood. | 
GLOSSARY. 
Trilobate, divided into three prin- 
cipal parts or lobes. 
Tripartite, divided into three sepa- 
rate parts. 
Trochiform, top-shaped. 
Truncated, stunted, cut short or 
abruptly off at the end. 
Tubercle, a little knob or pimple. 
Tuberculated, knobbed, pimpled. 
Tuberosities, prominent knobs or 
excrescences. 
Tubular, shaped like a hollow tube. 
Tubulate, tubulous or hollow. 
Tumid, swollen, blown out, bellied. 
Tunicated, coated. 
Turbinated,shaped like atop or pear. 
Turgid, swollen, inflated. 
Turreted, is applied to the spire of 
univalves which have the appea- 
rance of little turrets. 
U and V. 
Valve, the whole of univalve shells, 
or shells in one piece, and the half 
of bivalves, or shells in two divi- 
sions, &c. The term is conven. 
tional, and not used in the common 
sense. 
Varex, a longitudinal rib, which 
formed the outer lip before the 
shell was enlarged. 
Varices, longitudinal ribs in unis 
valve shells. 
Varicose, warted. 
Variety, is when a shell differs some 
little degree from that of the ordi- 
nary character of the species, either 
; _ in colour or form. 
Vaulted, like the roof of one’s 
mouth. 
Terminal, when the umbones of | Venter, the belly, situated in the 
bivalves are placed at the extreme 
point as in Mytilus, Pinna, &c. 
they are said to be terminal. 
Tesselated, chequered like a chess- 
board. 
Testacea, molluscous animals which 
are covered witha testacous shell, 
Carbonate of lime and gelatin. 
Testaceous, consisting of carbonate 
of lime and animal matter. 
Tetragonal, four cornered. 
Torose, swelling into knobs or pro- 
tuberances. 
Tortuosity, wreath, flexure. 
Tortuous, twisted, wreathed, wind- 
ing. 
Transverse, placed across, or cross- 
ways. When the breadth of a 
shell is greater than its length, it 
is called a transverse shell. 
Trapeziform, having four unparallel 
and unequal sides. 
Trigonal, having three angles, tri- 
angular, 
: body of the shell; being the most 
prominent part, when the aperture 
is turned to the observer. 
| Ventral, belonging to the belly. 
| Ventricose, inflated, swelled in the 
| middle, bellied. 
Vermicular,? worm-shaped and tu- 
Vermiform, bular. 
Vertex, in the Patella the top, apex, 
| ormost prominent part, situated 
} in general nearly in the middle. 
In the genus Bulla it is used for 
the apex, : 
Viviparous, animais bringing forth 
the young perfectly formed alive. 
Umbilicated, having a depression in 
the centre like a navel. 
Umbo, in bivalve shells, the round 
art which turns over the hinge, 
eing the nucleus of the shell, on 
which the whole superstructure 
is built, see page 6. 
Umbonate, bossed, having a raised 
knob in the centre. ; 
