2 THE CasTLE OF DuMFRIES. 
bushels wheat, flour, and wheatmeal, were sold to the horse and 
foot soldiers in the fortifications of Lochmaben and Dumfries, and 
to divers men of Carlisle ; 852 quarters 2 bushels of wheat flour 
and meal went to Peter of Chichester, clerk of the king’s pantry 
and buttery, by the hands of Walter Waldechef, the king’s baker. 
The Bishop of Carlisle bought certain quantities for the supply 
of the castle of Carlisle, for the earls, barons, knights, squires, 
and divers others dwelling in the King’s army. Sales were made 
to various persons for the fortifications of the castles in the same 
parts, and to the knights, esquires, and others living in these 
fortifications and in the king’s army. Flour was also supplied to 
divers bakers of the city of Carlisle for baking against the arrival 
of the King from the parts of Galloway, etc. 
Prices ruled as follows:—-Wheat, 10s a quarter, 8s, 6s 8d, 
and 5s, according to quality; poor wheat flour and meal, 4s a 
quarter ; beans and peas, 4s 6d a quarter ; oats, 4s a quarter ; poor 
oats, 1s 6d, and half oats 3s a quarter; dried oats, 5s, 4s, and 
3s 4d a quarter. The charge for baking was at the rate of 6s 8d 
for every quarter of flour used. Fat hogs brought 5s and 4s 6d 
each. Untrained horses, part of a number coming from Gallo- 
way, were in stock; and 900 horse shoes at 10s a hundred, and 
2000 nails at 20d a 1000, were disposed of to Walter de Bello 
Campo, seneschal of the King’s household. 24 casks 
26 sects of wine at 4 marks a cask went to divers 
magnets and others living in the King’s army; 20 casks of beer 
were sold to various persons connected with the fortifications of 
the district, at various prices, as 10s, 8s, 7s 6d, and one mark 
a cask. Beer of a higher quality was sold to Sir Robert de 
Clifford and Sir William de Rithre, at the price of 30s a cask. 
ARTILLERY. 
? 
“The crakkis of war,’’ which Barbour speaks of as marvel- 
lous, had not come into use, but of contrivances designed to assail 
and defend fortified strongholds, there were many, most of them 
bearing a family likeness to the military engines of the Romans ; 
balhiste, springalds, great crossbows with wenches, those named 
meltone, berfrey, and cat, and others. A berfrey was sent from 
Lochmaben for-the siege of Caerlaverock ; so huge and cumbrous 
was it that the labour of transport involved the employment of 5 
carts for 7 days, and 2 carts for 4 days, a road having been pre- 
