74 THE CASTLE OF DUMFRIES. 
THE REINFORCEMENT OF THE CASTLE. 
The King sent the following message to Berwick :—“ Henry 
de Empsingham and John de Karleton, clerks, shall say to 
Richard de Bramesgrave this message, which the same Richard 
shall tell, as from the King, to Robert Hastings and his brother, 
and the other men-at-arms who are in their company at Roxburgh 
and Jedburgh. And shall also tell the same message to Sir 
William Latimer and the rest of the garrison at Berwick, namely, 
that our lord the king has gone to Duntffries to raise his peel and 
reinforce the Castle. And his son has gone with him, and many 
other good men-at-arms,’’ etc. 
The work of raising the peel and reinforcing the Castle was 
begun on 5th September, and carried on with diligence, so that 
by the 2nd of November, when the King left Dumfries for 
Carlisle, men-at-arms were, as we have seen, dwelling within the 
fortification of the peel. Its final completion, however, was not 
accomplished until the 23rd of the month. Of craftsmen em- 
ployed, there were carpenters, sawyers, smiths, masons, and 
quarrymen ; also ditchers in great numbers. Clerks were assigned 
the duty of paying the wages of the workmen, and keeping the 
accounts. Godfrey de Wyndsore had charge of the expenditure 
for carpenters, and Henry de Brandeston paid the wages of the 
ditchers. Friar Robert de Ulm was the master carpenter, re- 
ceiving 9d per day, his lad Alan being paid 4d. Ade de 
Glasham, the chief foreman, and the other foremen, had a wage 
of 6d, and other carpenters and sawyers had 4d; carpenters’ 
labourers, pages they are called, received a wage of 2d a day. 
The ditchers had over them Ade de St. Edmonds, master ditcher, 
receiving 6d per day, and a number of foremen receiving 4d; the 
other ditchers were paid 2d a day, and women helpers had a 
wage of 14d per day. The workmen were brought chiefly from 
Northumberland and Cumberland, but a number of the ditchers 
came from parts of Lochmaben. How many hours consti- 
tuted the working day is not stated, but probably it extended from 
sunrise to sunset ; the toil went on all the seven days of the week. 
The ditchers employed numbered sometimes as many as 250, 
but the time occupied in accomplishing their task did not much 
exceed a fortnight. The peel was constructed chiefly of timber, 
and carpentry predominated over all the other sections of the 
work. As many as 114 men of this craft were engaged on the 
