150 SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF FISHES. 
classes, so far as those at least of Great Britain were concerned. 
(1) Those that were exclusively marine and never left the sea ; (2) 
those strictly confined to fresh water ; (3) those that bred in fresh 
water, but spent a large portion of their lives in salt water, other- 
wise anadromous fishes; and (4) those that bred in the sea, but 
spent practically their whole lives in fresh water, or catadromous 
forms. Of the marine fishes many, perhaps all, and certainly all 
our British species, performed certain movements of more or less 
extent. These might only be from deep to shallow water, or vice- 
versa, or backwards and forwards from where food was plentiful 
or the reverse. The mackerel was a well-known species that had 
a rather complicated series of movements, which were only par- 
tially understood. ‘Their principal move shorewards took place 
in early summer, and it was most interesting to watch the shoals 
of this beautiful and agile fish out on the sunlit sea of early June, 
leaping and swimming along just under the dancing wavelets. A 
couple of species of fish of considerable interest to local faunists 
were the garfish and the saury, both of which were of some scarcity 
in our waters late in summer. They came in for a week or two 
and disappeared, and although one could guess, no one could say 
from actual knowledge whither they came or whither they went. 
The case of the anchovy was a very peculiar one, of more than 
usual interest. A good many years ago they were suddenly found 
in the Solway, off Annan, never having ever been known here 
before. Within a few days the whole Solway and the adjacent 
waters were found to be filled with them. Then by-and-bye 
young anchovies were found in abundance, and since then, 
anchovies have been of annual occurrence. It is difficult to 
account for the local history of this fish. Herring were rather 
capricious and uncertain in their movements. It used to be 
accepted as an article of faith that these most important fish came 
in vast shoals from the Arctic seas and encirled our shores, but so 
far as their Arctic origin is concerned we know better now. They 
breed within our own waters in suitable depths, and when large 
enough come nearer the surface in the great shoals with which 
we are all familiar. Most seasons they enter the Solway from the 
shoal which lies betwixt the Mull and the Isle of Man. Only 
within these last few weeks some most unusually large shoals 
entered Loch Ryan, and kept the fishermen engaged in making 
big hauls. Cod and haddock had left the Solway to a consider- 
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