THe MIGRATIONS OF MAN. HE 
the Baltic: indeed it is very likely that, at a very ancient date 
some sort of suzerainty was established by the invading race, 
perhaps similar to that by which we hold British India. In con- 
sequence these Nordic savages learnt to speak Aryan after a 
fashion, and so the Teutonic group of nations came into exist- 
ence. The first or Gaelic-speaking Celts swept right across 
Europe and into England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. They 
utterly blotted out the civilisation of the Dolmenbuilders and 
destroyed even the tradition of it. But they did not entirely kill 
out the Dolmenbuilders themselves. Indeed, why should they 
do so? The latter were far more valuable than domestic cattle: 
they made, no doubt, excellent serfs and slaves, and in conse- 
quence their descendants still exist to-day. The Gaels were 
followed by the Welsh-speaking Celts, who also invaded Britain, 
but Europe was doomed to experience a still more terrible in- 
vasion. The Nordic race, the descendants of the Cavemen, had 
learnt to sow corn and to keep cattle: they had obtained good 
weapons and had increased rapidly in numbers. At last they 
swept down upon the Aryans in France. Tall, fair-haired, big- 
bodied Gauls, Goths, and Belgae began to carry desolation, 
destruction throughout Central Europe. In connection with this 
question there is a point of some interest to us Scotchmen: who 
were the tall, savage, red-haired Caledonians described by 
Tacitus? Everyone knows what idea the word Aberdonian con- 
veys to us. He is a tall, reddish-haired man with strongly 
marked features, and a long head, but surely that is almost 
exactly the impression which the description of Tacitus’ Cale- 
donians leaves upon the mind. So it is quite possible that in 
Northern Scotland this detachment of the Nordic race kept off 
Dolmenbuilder, Gael, Welsh, Roman, and Saxon, and that it 
has remained there until our own times. It is, of course, im- 
possible to decide this question definitely, for Saxon, Dane, and 
Norwegian, one Nordic people after another, continued to invade 
Europe, and especially Britain, for centuries afterwards. Indeed 
there never were two races so incompatible in temper as the 
Teuton and the Celt, and almost the whole of European history 
tells of their raids and invasions from the earliest, which was 
before Ceesar’s day, until the war of 1870. 
Thus the population of Europe to-day consists, roughly 
speaking, of three main elements. Nordic in the Baltic and 
