92 THE CASTELLATED REMAINS OF DUMFRIESSHIRE. 
could plunder it. The church of Annan had a fortified tower as 
part of its structure, and to defy the English Borderers. In this 
county we have castles proper, such as Caerlaverock, [Lech- 
maben, etc., but by far the greater number of our castellated 
remains are Border towers or peels constructed in different ways, 
for the most part simple keeps with a great number of distinctive 
peculiarities, and it is these we wish to have properly recorded. 
For convenience, I divide the list into three sections, as 
follow :— 
ESKDALE, LIDDESDALE, AND THE DEBATABLE LAND. 
Glendinning—in Westerkirk. | Westerhall—in Westerkirk. 
Brantalloch Castle—near Staplegorton Churchyard, fragment of 
wall only. | Wauchope Castle—earth works and grass-grown 
walls near Langholm. Langholm Tower—vestiges, north of 
Langholm. Broomholm—site of. | Harelaw—at Penton Linn 
(Liddle). Munbyhirst. Auchenrivock. MHallgreen. Wood- 
houselees-—sites for the most part of these towers are the only 
remains. Hollows or Gilnockie Tower on the Esk.—This tower 
belonged to Johnnie Armstrong (the most famous man in Border 
song) ; he was executed by James V. for his many dashing raids. 
into England; he, however, was a sort of Border Robin Hood; 
he protected the poor, and never stole from the Scotch. He was 
known as the Prince of Plunderers. The English warden of the 
west marches wanted to burn his tower, and Armstrong hearing 
of it, and knowing the greatness of his opposing force, swept 
round them, and the same night burned Netherby Hall. This is. 
a typical Border tower of the simple keep design, and I will give 
a rather detailed description of it so as to serve for others that 
follow, pointing out some of their peculiarities as I come to them. 
It measures 334 feet by 254 feet, and about 40 feet high to the 
parapet. There is, as is common in such buildings, a vaulted 
ground floor lighted by slot holes. There were three other 
storeys and a cape house or warden’s house in the attic. There 
was but one room in each flat. At the corners there were turrets 
and a parapet walk round connecting them. These were sup- 
ported on projecting corbels. Above this come the sloping 
gables, one forming a chimney head, the other a beacon lantern. 
This stone lantern is not common, and photographers should 
observe and note it when met with. At the back of the tower 
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