Tue HospiraL OF SANQUHAR. 173 
The Rosses were of Norman descent, and came to Scotland about 
the 12th century. They bore as their arms—Gules, three water 
budgets argent. The water budgets, bouggets, or buckets, were 
worn as a badge by the Ross family, “ because,’’ says the family 
historian, “they were indicative of an ancestor of the family, 
who, having been engaged in the crusades, had been forced in 
the desert in Palestine to fight for and carry water in leathern 
vessels called budgets or bouggets, which were usually slung 
across a horse’s or camel’s back.’? The coat-of-arms and the 
old ballad are therefore evidences that one of the Rosses had 
taken part in these old religious wars, and, what more likely 
than that, “Sir Rab’”’ on his return, being full of religious zeal, 
should follow the example set before him in other parts of the 
country and establish an hospital under the safeguard of his own 
ramparts? Whether this institution was established as early as 
the crusades or not, it was nevertheless an ancient foundation, 
for in 1296 Bartholomew-de-Eglisham, its chaplain and superin- 
tendent, swore fealty to Edward I. of England at Berwick-on- 
Tweed, where so many of the nobility and clergy took the oath 
of allegiance that thirty-five skins of parchment were required 
to hold their names. On one of the rolls the name “ Bartholo- 
mew-de-Eglisham, chapeleyn gardein de novel lew de Sene- 
whare,’’ occurs immediately before “Patrick or Matthew de 
Parton del comte de Dumfries.’’ At this period the Grand 
Master of both the Hospitaller and Templar Orders submitted 
to Edward I. This Bartholomew was in all probability a 
Norman, as many of that race were to be found in the Churches 
' of Scotland at that period. The country was then in a very 
unsettled state, and the brethren doubtless did their share in 
civilising those who lived in the valley. The monks were drawn 
chiefly from England, a country which was at that time in a 
much more advanced stage of civilisation than the wilder Scot- 
land. Not only had they to heal the sick and preach the Gospel, 
but some of them were skilled in the manufactures of the day, 
and many occupations till then unknown were commenced, to 
the benefit of the district generally. The hospital at Newark 
was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, to whom many hospitals 
were dedicated. The church or chapel attached to it was, 
however, dedicated to St. Nicholas, the saint whom the children 
of to-day remember as “Santa Claus.’’ The principal fair of 
