260 Destructive Forest Insects of Dumfriesshire. 



edge there is a broad band of brown. The female is larger than 

 the male, being over an inch in expanse of wings, but it is duller 

 in colour, having no white on the upper wings, which are a light 

 brown. The caterpillars attack Scots Pine mostly. They are 

 light green when young, changing to a darker shade, with a white 

 line down the back and a yellow line along each side. 



Chcimiiobia Brumata (Winter Moth). — The caterpillar is 

 destructive to fruit trees as well as forest trees. In fact they will 

 feed on the leaves of any hard wood tree. They are green in 

 colour, with three yellow stripes along each side and a dark line 

 along the back. The female moths are practically wingless, and 

 fruit growers put grease bands on the trees to intercept them 

 when climbing the trees to lay their eggs. Often, however, the 

 male carries the female to the top of the tree. 



Hybernia Defoliaria (Mottled Umber Moth). — This insect is 

 injurious to many trees by eating their foliage. The caterpillar 

 is very prettily marked. It is brown on the back with a narrow 

 black line running the length of the body, and at each joint there 

 is a small grey patch. The portion of the body below the black 

 line is light yellow, with white spiracles, round which is a reddish 

 brown circle and the belly is yellowish green. The moth is 

 common, but not conspicuously marked. 



Dioryctria Abieiella. — The larvae of this insect live within 

 cones of the Silver Fir and Common Spruce. It is generally of a 

 dirty red colour but sometimes greenish. The damage is hardly 

 noticeable at first, but later the cone is much eaten away. ' The 

 moth is dark grey with black markings, and appears on the wing 

 in July. 



Retiiiia Turionaiia (Pine Bud Tortrix Moth). — As the name 

 implies, this insect attacks the buds of Scots Pine. The female 

 lays her eggs at the base of the bud and the caterpillars (or rather 

 grubs) on hatching, proceed to eat away the inside of the bud, in 

 time completely hollowing it. Pupation takes place in this 

 chamber. The resin that exudes from the injury covers up the 

 entrance hole made by the grub, and the damage is often not 

 noticed till the spring, when the injured buds drop ofiP. The only 

 treatment is to pick off the infested buds when the grubs are in 

 them and burn them and so prevent to a certain extent a further 

 attack next year. I have a bad attack under notice at the present 

 time. 



