174 Edward I. at Sweetheart Abbey. 



receipt of the bull, he told the Pope that " it is the custom of 

 the realm of England that in matters touching the state of the 

 same realm there should be asked the counsel of all whom the 

 thing- concerns." This is a repetition of the statement already- 

 made by Edward when he summoned the model Parliament of 

 1295, which established the representation of the Commons. 

 " That which touches all shall be approved by all ; it is very 

 evident that common dangers must be met by measures concerted 

 in common." 



The interview at Sweetheart Abbey between Edward, Win- 

 chelsea, and Lumbardus is interesting to the student of English 

 history, because it brought about the first statement from King 

 and Parliament declaratoiy of the fact that England was free 

 from the Pope's dictation. This was the first step in the move- 

 ment which ended in the Reformation under Henry VIII. The 

 King summoned a Parliament which met at Lincoln in January, 

 1301. A letter was drawn up by the Barons and sent to the 

 Pope, aflirming that the Kings of England never have answered 

 or ought to have answere;! touching any of their temporal rights 

 before any judge, ecclesiastical or secular, by the free pre- 

 eminence of the state of their royal dignity and by custom irre- 

 fragably preserved at all times. 



I have consulted the Chronicle of Matthew of Westminster, 

 and find that he also states that the Archbishop of Canterbury in 

 writing to the Pope said that he met the King at the New Abbey 

 of Duzquer in Galloway. On consulting Dr Wilson, of New 

 Abbey, I find that Duzquer is a corrupted form of Doux Cceur, 

 the Norman translation of Dulce Cor (Sweet Heart). The Nor- 

 man form Douzquer was a frequent name for the Abbey in 

 Plantagenet times. 



IMh March, 1902. 



Mr James Barbour, F.S.A. Scot, Architect, in the chair. 



Do7iaiio7is and Exchanges. — Annals of the New York Academy 

 of Science, Vol. XIV., pt. 1 ; Annual Report of the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology. 



