12 VEGETATION OF THE PEAK DISTRICT [CH. 
peat and hill peat, should be ignored on most of the maps of 
the Geological Survey, even on their published drift maps. 
However, this fact makes such vegetation maps as accompany 
this memoir all the more valuable; as, on vegetation maps, the 
plant associations characteristic of peaty soils are indicated ; and 
thus the occurrence and distribution of peat may be inferred. 
The following table summarizes the chief strata and soils 
of the district, and states the general character of their 
accompanying vegetation. Farmland and plantations occur, to 
a greater or lesser extent, on all the rocks and soils, except on 
wet peat, and are omitted from the table. Marsh vegetation 
and stream vegetation also occur on all the soils; and these 
also are omitted. 
Geological Strata 
i Carboniferous 
or Mountain Lime- 
stone rocks 
6. Volcanic rocks 
c. Chert 
d. Refuse heaps 
(“rakes”) of old lead 
mines and of recent 
spar and gravel pits 
Soils 
1. On steep slopes, es- 
pecially those below 1000 
feet (305 m.):—shallow, 
brown, ferruginous, cal- 
careous marls or gravels 
2. On more or less 
level ground, especially at 
elevations greater than 
1000 feet :—shallow, dark 
brown, highly ferruginous, 
and more or less leached 
marls 
Non-calcareous _ soils 
varying from soft gravels 
to a kind of false clay, 
light brown or black in 
colour 
(ci) Non-calcareous soils 
varying from hard gravels 
to a kind of false clay, 
reddish brown in colour, 
or black when mixed with 
much acidic humus 
(cii) Peat, rarely exceed- 
ing one foot (30°5 cm.) in 
depth 
Loose calcareous and 
cherty gravels containing 
salts and oxides of lead 
Vegetation 
1. Ash _ woods, 
scrub, calcareous | 
grassland 
2. Scrub, calcare- 
ous grassland, cal- 
careous heath 
Siliceous grassland 
(ci) Siliceous grass- 
land, siliceous grass- 
land mixed with 
heather 
(cli) Heather moor, 
heather moor with 
much cotton-grass 
Open plant associa- 
tions usually charac- 
terized by the lead- 
wort (Arenaria verna) 
in abundance 
