Iv] GRASSLAND ASSOCIATIONS 115 
study on account of its wide range of forms and the different 
nature of its habitats. 
A list of the members of the Molinia grassland is appended, 
and the number of associated species characteristic of the 
moorland formation is obvious :— 
Polytrichum commune la || Nardus stricta la 
Sphagnum spp. la__|| Scirpus caespitosus r too 
‘Lycopodium inundatum ” vr || Eriophorum vaginatum r too 
Ranunculus Flammula la E. angustifolium la 
forma radicans r to a |; Carex curta r too 
Drosera rotundifolia r C. echinata la 
Viola palustris r to o || C. Goodenowii o toa 
Empetrum nigrum la var. juncella r 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris la || C. glauca Oo 
Andromeda Polifolia r C. panicea 0 toa 
Erica Tetralix la || Deschampsia flexuosa r toa 
Calluna vulgaris la. || Carex flava la 
Vaccinium Myrtillus la var. vainor la 
V. Oxycoccus r to a || Juncus effusus la 
Pinguicula vulgaris r J. squarrosus la 
Taraxacum palustre r J. acutiflorus la 
Agrostis canina ] Narthecium ossifragum r to la 
Molinia caerulea a to d|/ Orchis maculata 2 
var, depauperata r to d || O. ericetorum r too 
var. major ] | 
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PLANT ASSOCIATIONS 
OF THE SILICEOUS SOILS 
The relationships of the plant associations of the sandstones 
and shales of the southern Pennines are summarized in the 
following table :— 
Woods of Betula pubescens 
or of Quercus sessiliflora 
Sandstone 
rocks 
and screes Various stages of scrub | 
Swamps 
| Nardus pasture | 
Ff Vv 
Molinia pasture Nardus pasture with much Calluna 
[Moorland Formation] 
