Iv] GRASSLAND ASSOCIATIONS 119 
Verbascum Thapsus 
Plantago media 
Asperula cynanchica 
Galium sylvestre 
Scabiosa Columbaria 
Campanula glomerata 
Pulicaria dysenterica 
Inula squarrosa 
Senecio erucifolius 
Picris hieracioides 
Leontodon hirtus 
Hieracium spp. 
Avena pratensis 
A. pubescens ~ 
Koeleria cristata (agg.) 
“Bromus erectus ” 
Brachypodium pinnatum 
Carex ornithopoda — 
Ophrys apifera 
“QO. muscifera ” 
Orchis morio 
O. ustulata 
O. pyramidalis 
2. In rocky places, particularly where sheltered :— 
Asplenium viride 
A. Trichomones 
A. Adiantum-nigrum 
A. Ruta-muraria 
Cystopteris fragilis 
Thalictrum minus 
Draba muralis 
Sedum Telephium 
“Saxifraga sphonhemica ” 
S. hypnoides 
Rosa spinosissima 
Geranium lucidum 
G. sanguineum 
Hypericum montanum 
Pimpinella magna 
Satureia Acinos 
Galium asperum 
Valerianella carinata 
V. olitoria 
Centaurea Scabiosa 
Allium vineale 
A. oleraceum 
3. In places, where the soil is loose, all semi-ruderal 
plants, occurring, as a rule, most abundantly on the refuse- 
heaps (“rakes”) of old lead-mines or modern gravel-workings :-— 
Arenaria verna 
A. serpyllifolia 
Cardamine hirsuta 
Cochlearia alpina 
Hutchinsea petraea 
Arabis hirsuta 
Sisymbrium Thalianum 
Erophila verna 
var. virescens 
E. praecox 
“EK. inflata” 
Thlaspi virens 
“'T. sylvestre” 
Saxifraga tridactylites 
Alchemilla arvensis 
Viola lutea 
var. amoena 
V. calaminaria 
Myosotis collina 
Sherardia arvensis 
Carduus nutans 
Cnicus eriophorus 
From the above lists, it will be seen that calcareous grass- 
land differs greatly from siliceous grassland not only in the 
soil conditions but also in the floristic composition. In my 
judgment, the edaphic characteristics of the habitats are so 
essentially different that the two types of grassland, siliceous 
