vit] MOORLAND ASSOCIATIONS 169 
4. “Low moor water is calcareous. High moor water 
contains little or no lime.” Judged by this test, which seems 
a good one, all the moors of the Peak District are “high moors.” 
However, some moors placed by some continental phyto- 
geographers among Flachmoors are characterized by species 
which grow on peat whose water contains little or no lime. 
5. “Low moor forms black, amorphous peat....High moor 
preserves its plants in a higher degree.” From this standpoint, 
all the moors of this district are “high moors.” 
6. “Low moor peat is heavy and rich in mineral bodies 
(with ten to thirty per cent. of ash). High moor peat is light 
in weight and poor in mineral matter (with about five per cent. 
of ash).” The peat of this district yields much less than five 
per cent. of ash, if silica (Si0,) be excluded; and the application 
of this test therefore may be regarded as placing the moors 
among “high moors.” Peat from Wicken Fen, near Cambridge, 
on the other hand, yields more than ten per cent. of ash. 
7. “Low moor peat is usually close in texture,...and con- 
ducts water badly....High moor peat...conducts water well.” 
The upper layers of the peat of all the moors of this district 
conduct water well. 
8. “Low moor peat is very rich in food-material...High 
moor peat...is very poor in nutriment.” The peat of this 
district is mvariably poor in food-material. 
9. “On low moor, mycorhiza and carnivorous plants are 
rare....On high moor, mycorhiza and carnivorous plants are 
common.” On the moors of this district, the only carnivorous 
plants to be met with are the sundew (Droseru rotundifolia) 
and the butterwort (Pinguwicula vulgaris); and both are rare. 
Mycorhiza occur in the roots of heather (Calluna vulgaris), but 
have not been proved to be present in many other moorland 
plants of the district. As carnivorous plants (e.g., Utricularia 
minor, U. intermedia, and U. vulgaris) occur in the waters of 
fens, this test is not very satisfactory. 
Though some of these tests require re-stating, 1t seems 
fairly clear that the moors of the district belong to the class 
of Warming’s “high moors”; and it is clear that some moors 
designated “Flachmoors” by continental plant geographers 
require re-investigation from the standpoint of the amount of 
available food-material contained in the peat. 
