vit} MOORLAND ASSOCIATIONS 183 
Locally abundant 
Pteris aquilina Erica cinerea 
Empetrum nigrum Galium saxatile 
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Deschampsia flexuosa 
Occasional or rare 
Betula pubescens Pyrus Aucuparia 
Quercus sessiliflora Crataegus Oxyacantha 
Rumex Acetosella (=C. monogyna) 
Very rare or extinct 
“ Andreaea alpina” “ A. petrophila” 
“ A. crassinervia” 
TRANSITIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEATHER Moor 
AND BILBERRY Moor 
The areas that are intermediate between heather moor and 
bilberry moor are shown on the map by dotting the red colour 
used for heaths over the purple colour used for bilberry. Such 
areas are usually rocky and peaty, like all the grounds charac- 
terized by stable bilberry moors; but they occur, as a rule, at 
rather lower altitudes than the latter. 
CoTTON-GRASS Moors 
Cotton-grass moors occur on the gently sloping plateaux at 
elevations varying, as a rule, from about 1200 feet (363 m.) to 
2000 feet (610 m.). These moors are locally termed “ mosses” ; 
and the place-name “moss,” meaning a morass, is by far the 
most abundant place-name on the Pennine summits. Smith 
and Moss (1903: 380) and others have’therefore used the name 
“moss moor,” reminding one of the German “ moosmoor,” for 
this plant association. The place-name “moss,” originally of 
physiographical significance, has provided the local plant-name 
for the chief constituent of the moor whose dominant plant 
(Eriophorum vaginatum) is well known to the inhabitants of 
the moor-edges as “ moss-crops.” 
The peat of the cotton-grass moors is frequently ten to 
