vit] CULTIVATED LAND: CULTURE ASSOCIATIONS 211 
Sub-dominant 
Erica Tetralix Calluna vulgaris 
Molinia caerulea Eriophorum vaginatum 
Abundant 
Nardus stricta Deschampsia flexuosa 
Locally abundant 
Empetrum nigrum Vaccinium Myrtillus 
Juncus squarrosus 
Occasional 
Potentilla erecta Galium saxatile 
This list was taken at an altitude of about 1500 feet (457 m.); 
and the plantation extends, or rather its remains extend, up to 
1700 feet (518 m.). At altitudes higher than about 1550 feet 
(472 m.), however, the plantations of the district are, generally 
speaking, failures. 
AFFORESTATION. 
The question of the afforestation of waste lands in Britain 
has in recent years occupied the attention of the public; and 
this attention has recently been stimulated by the publication 
of a Government report. 
As the present district comprises a large proportion of waste 
or uncultivated land, and as it contains numerous plantations, 
some successful and others unsuccessful, on parts of this waste 
land, a few remarks on the general subject are here given. 
Much of the waste land of the district is utterly unfitted 
for immediate afforestation. This, in fact, applies to all peaty 
moorland which is dominated by such plants as the cotton- 
grasses (Eriophorum vaginatum or H. angustifolium), Scirpus 
caespitosus, heather (Calluna vulgaris), bilberry (Vaccinium 
Myrtillus), crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), and purple moor- 
grass (Molinia caerulea). 
Before these sour and peaty places can be rendered fit for 
afforestation, a great deal of preliminary work is necessary ; 
14—2 
