INDEX 
Quercus (see Oak) 
Raimfall, 24 
of the moors, 175 
Rakes, 12, 119 
Raspberry, 50 
Reclamation of uncultivated land, 
201 
Reed swamps, 154 
Refuse heaps of lead mines and gravel 
mines, 12, 119 
Reservoirs on the moors, 213 
Retrogressive associations, 21 
moors, 166, 188 
scrub, 97, 98 
Rhacomitrium moors, 167 
River alluvium, 10 
gravels, 13 
Rocks and screes, 134, 137 
and soils, 5 
Limestone, 134 
Sandstone, 140 
Rocky Knolls in ash woods, 74 
Roots, 205 
of moorland plants, 174 
Rose, Wild, 51 
Rowan, 50 
Ruderal marsh species, 153 
Rye, Cultivation of, 205 
Salts, Mineral, 7, 8 
Sand and Humus of peat, 173 
Sandstone cliffs, 140, 182 
rocks and screes, 140 
Sandstones and shales, 8, 13 
Grassland of the, 106 
Swamps or marshes of the, 146 
Serub of the, 99 
Woods of the, 46 
Sandstone rocks, Bryophytes of, 141 
Sandy soils, 9, 13, 44, 45 
Scenery, Types of, 3 
Scirpus moors, 167 
Screes, Limestone, 137 
Rocks and, 134 
Sandstone, 140 
Scrub, Altitudinal limit of, 88 
Associations, 88 
Climatic, 89 
Distribution of, 93 
Edaphic, 97 
in other districts, 96 
Kinetic, 97 
Limestone, 97 
to grassland, Degeneration of, 94 
of sandstone and shales, 99 
Origin of, 91, 94, 98 
Progressive, 97, 98 
Retrogressive, 97, 98 
Static, 97 
233 
Types of, 95, 97 
Seasonal aspects of associations, 20 
Seeds, Difficulties of germination of, 
92, 93 
of Ash, Germination of, 67 
beech, Germination of, 49 
elm, Germination of, 50 
heather, Germination of, 179 
Shade on the ground vegetation, In- 
fluence of, 58 
Shale, 8, 13 
Shrubs of ash woods, Trees and, 69 
oak woods, Trees and, 47 
Siliceous grassland, 104, 105, 106 
and moorland, Relationships of, 187 
Siliceous soils, 8 
Associations of, 133, 215 
Relationships of the plant forma- 
tions of, 196 
Silicion, 217 
Sloe, 51 
Smoke, 25 
Injurious effects of, 26 
Society, Complimentary, 73 
Societies, Plant, 19 
Soil, Acidic, 37 
Alkaline, 37 
Basic, 37 
Chemical nature of the, 43 
Depth of the, 43, 173 
Soils and their characteristic plants, 13 
associations of siliceous and cal- 
careous, 133 
and Vegetation, 12, 13 
Dysgeogynous, 73 
non-calcareous or siliceous, 8, 12, 
14 
of the district, 12 
of the sandstones and shales, 43 
Rocks and, 5 
Species of acidic peaty soils, 14 
alder-willow thickets, 59 
arable land, 207 
ash woods, 79 
bilberry moors, 182, 197 
birch woods, 62 
calcareous soils, 14 
calcareous grassland, 127 
calcareous waters, 157, 160 
cotton grass moor, 186, 197 
Heather moors, 179, 180, 197 
Juncus swamps, 149 
mixed siliceous grassland, 112 
moor formation, 197 
non-caleareous waters, 157, 160 
oak woods of Quercus sessilifiora, 
79 
Species of permanent pasture, 202, 203 
reed swamps, 155 
scrub on limestone, 99 
‘ 
