THE LIFE OF THE SEA-SHORE. 139 
early rising and not a little fatigue, while dredging is 
easy work, especially when, as often happens, someone 
else does the hard work. John Hill Burton says that 
the purchase of his first duplicate is the first terrible step 
downwards of the book collector; and I am inclined to 
think that his first dredging expedition is equally the 
first step downwards of the shore-hunter. One may rise 
up early—for the low spring tides have a dreadful habit of 
coming at unreasonable hours—and spend several hours 
toiling over stone-turning with but relatively little result; 
while an hour’s dredging may produce a multitude of 
interesting forms. In consequence, while many parts of 
the coast have been systematically dredged, relatively few 
have been subjected to a thorough investigation at low 
water. To-night I shall confine myself entirely to the 
results of shore-hunting, for there can be no doubt that 
the beginner, at least, learns infinitely more from it, and 
it is accessible to everyone, which dredging cannot be. 
Then as to the kind of animals one is likely to find 
on the shore as defined above. I should be inclined to 
divide them into four more or less distinct sets :— 
(1) The permanent residents—those with little or no 
power of locomotion, which may be found between tide- 
marks at all seasons of the year. Among these are sea- 
anemones, many shell-fish, and hosts of others. 
(2) The floating population—the animals with con- 
siderable powers of locomotion—who are inhabitants of the 
water about or among the rocks, and are trapped as it were 
in the rock-pools when the water ebbs. Among these 
are many fish and worms, the more active crustaceans 
such as lobsters, prawns, and shrimps, and not a few others. 
(3) The occasional visitors, those which are found 
within the shore line occasionally or at certain seasons 
of the year only. These are usually forms from deeper 
water which come inshore to breed. Among these are 
some fish, many molluscs including the large cuttles, many 
crustacea and others. Many of these can be found in 
abundance at certain seasons, and then disappear for the 
rest of the year. 
(4) The young or larval forms also found only at certain 
