THE SKULL AS A BASIS FOR RACE CLASSIFICATION, 21 
insapiens, but, unfortunately for the value of the figures, the 
great range of the variation may ‘place a skull from a 
Megacephaliec race among those that are Microcephalic, and 
vice versa. We have no means of judging how much the 
quality of the brain compensates for smallness of size, and 
we are left with the general principle that so far as concerns 
primitive peoples, a large cubic capacity indicates a more 
favourable degree of intelligence than a small one. Never- 
theless, we cannot overlook the fact that the Esquimaux, who 
are neither highly intelligent nor models of advanced 
Civilisation, possess some of the largest recorded skull 
Capacities. It is very difficult to offer any reasonable 
explanation of this fact, but, in connection with it, there ig 
the further curious fact that some of the largest of 
mammalian brains belong to the Cetacean inhabitants of the 
Polar seas. I believe that there is a saying among hatters 
to the effect that “all the big hats go to Aberdeen!” This 
is probably a recognition of the fact that heads tend to 
increase in size as we go northwards. 
Whatever may be the true meaning of information 
derived from the study of skull capacities, they certainly 
tend to place highly civilised peoples at one end of the scale, 
and those peoples which are by common agreement regarded 
as lower races at the other end, and yet they raise all human 
beings high above the nearest of the Anthropoid Apes, 
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS, 
Additional and highly important information may be ob- 
tained from linear measurements of the skull, and these may 
be absolute or relative. Since the skull is not a rectangular 
box, it is necessary to measure the distances along the arcs of 
curves as well as the distances between points on the surface, 
For these purposes a steel tape and callipers are necessary. 
(Instruments were shown and their uses explained.) 
The Measurements along Curves are three in number, 
viz. :— 
1. Horizontal circumference, Ophryo-oceipital (Gr, ophrys, 
eyebrow) or Glabello-occipital. 
