52 MR J. G. GOODCHILD ON 
2nd ed., pp. 228-250 (Religious Tract Society, London, 1895), 
to which reference may be usefully made in connection with 
other matters relating to ants. Sir John Lubbock’s (Lord 
Avebury) Ants, Bees, and Wasps, is, of course, indispensable 
in this connection. 
The chief points connected with the morphology of ants. 
that call for mention here are but the few that are directly 
related to such of the habits prevalent amongst this group 
as are here referred to. There are, of course, as in all other 
insects, three pairs of jointed legs, armed with sharply 
forked terminal claws, and provided with bristles, which are 
used for toilet purposes, as well, probably, for some forms of 
perception. The worker ants have no wings. The head is. 
provided with two ordinary eyes, and with ocelli in addition. 
There are conspicuous antenne, which are sharply kneed at 
about a third from the base, and are capable of a con- 
siderable range of movement. These are important as 
organs of sense. The mouth parts, as in all arthropods, 
are very complex, and the representatives of the jaws move 
sideways, instead of up and down as they do in vertebrates. 
These mouth parts serve many purposes in ant economy, 
and act, amongst other ways, in much the same way as. 
hands do with us. They can also inflict severe wounds,. 
which, for the size of the biter, are by no means small. 
The abdomen is joined on to the thorax by two stalks, one: 
of which is very slender, as its analogue is in the wasps. 
This is intended to give great mobility to the movements. 
of the hinder parts. This flexibility is furthered still more 
by a second constriction, which occurs between the first ring 
of the abdomen and those behind it. It is this which gives 
rise to the “scale” characteristic of the group. The head 
may be said to be the centre around which the several 
parts are specially adapted to perception. The thorax is. 
the part that is concerned in locomotion. The abdomen, 
looked at in the same light, may be regarded as a labora- 
tory, where, besides the processes connected with assimilation 
which are there carried out, is situated the manufactory and 
store of the formic acid which plays so important a part in. 
many of the animal’s ways. 
