84 MR DAVID B. MORRIS ON 
(see Trans. Stir. Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc., 1881-82, p. 22; 
and 1884-85, p. 43). There is evidence of a distinct line of 
migration along the old coast-line of the 50-feet raised beach. 
The mammals of the Forth Valley are enumerated by Mr 
Eagle Clarke in the Dictionary of the Forth; he gives 46 
species. A very interesting account of the mammals of 
Loch Lomond side is given by Mr James Lumsden in 
Guide to the Natural History of Loch Lomond by 
Lumsden and Brown. Although the district dealt with is: 
beyond the Forth Valley, it adjoins it, and probably all the 
species mentioned are represented in both areas. The dis- 
tribution of species in the Forth Valley, and the causes on 
which the distribution depends, are worthy of investigation. 
An exhaustive comparison of existing species with those 
living formerly in the district ought to be made, as there is 
no doubt the present Fauna is poorer by many species, and 
richer by some. Evidence of early Faunas can be had from 
the marls of old lake basins, from peat mosses, from the silt 
of the river and the clays of the carse. It may be of interest 
to note here that in the clays of the carse of Stirling no fewer 
than fourteen whale skeletons have been found, Associated 
with five of these were human implements, proving that Man 
was an inhabitant of the Forth Valley at the time when the 
sea rose fifty feet higher than it does now, and when the 
waves of the old Forth Estuary rolled westward as far as. 
Gartmore, 38 miles from Queensferry. 
The land and fresh-water shells of the botanical vice- 
county of Stirling have been recorded by Mr A. M‘Lellan, 
and those of Perth South and Clackmannan by Mr Gilbert 
M‘Dougall. A tabular statement of the records of these 
observers will be found in the Zransactions of the Stirling 
Natural History and Archeological Society, 1897-98, 
p. 136. It would be interesting to trace the connection 
between the distribution of these and the plant distribution. 
of the district. 
THe River FortTH. 
The tides of the River Forth are an interesting subject 
of study. At present the tide affects the river as far as. 
