122 DR ROBERT MUNRO ON 
the shores of an inland bay or the embouchure of a river. 
Since the Danish savants have so successtully proved the 
archeological importance of their Kjdkkenmoddings, analogous 
remains have been discovered and recorded from nearly all 
quarters of the globe. In Scotland they have been observed 
and partially described on the shores of the Dornoch and 
Moray firths, especially on Loch Spinie, now drained but 
formerly connected with the sea (Proc. 8. A. Scot., vill. p. 
63; Prehistoric Times, 4th ed., p. 234); on both banks of 
the river Ythan, Aberdeenshire (Proc. S. A. Scot., vi. pp. 
241, 423; viii, p. 180); in a cave near the mouth of the 
river North Esk (Prehistoric Scotland, p. 79); the Stanner- 
gate, near Dundee (Proc. S. A. Scot., xii. p. 303); the 
Ghegan Rock (ibid., viii. p. 377); on the island of Inchkeith 
(ibid., ix. p. 453, and Trans. of Scot. Nat. Hist. Society, vol. 
i. p. 29); ina rock-shelter at Ardrossan (Prehistoric Scotland, 
p. 81); on the islands of Coll and Oronsay (Proc. S. A. Scot., 
xv. p. 152, xvii. p. 354, and xxxii. p. 306); in some of the 
eaves of Oban (ibid., xxix. p. 211); at the foot of the 
fortified rock of Dun Fheurain, near Oban (ibid., p. 278); 
the Borness Cave (ibid., x. p. 476, xi. p. 305, and xii. pp. 
628, 669), etc. Shell-mounds at considerable distances from 
the present sea-shore have been noted as occurring at the 
Den of Dun, Forfarshire (ibid., xxxi. p. 240), and at Inver- 
avon on the borders of the Carse of Stirling (Prehistoric 
Scotland, p. 66). Beyond the confines of Scotland, deposits 
of a similar nature have been described in one or more 
localities throughout England, Ireland, France, Spain and 
Portugal, the United States of America, Florida, Brazil, 
Terra del Fuego, the Malay Peninsula, the Andaman Islands, 
Japan, Australia, etc. 
It must not, however, be supposed that all the above 
enumerated shell-heaps belong to the same period, or possess 
the same archeological value, as those of Denmark. . The 
latter are now generally admitted to belong to the period of 
transition—the so-called hiatws—between Paleolithic and 
Neolithic times. Excluding the caves and rock-shelters 
frequented by Paleolithic man, only a few inhabited sites 
associated with kitchen-middens have been hitherto 
discovered which can, with certainty, be assigned to this 
