9 6 



O INDENSED TYPE < >F STEMS 



plantain-, dandelions, etc. Frequently these short stems are 



iated with an abundance of foods that arc stored in roots 



..r other organs. Such plants can quickly send up and mature 



their Bower stalks or leafy stems and thus avoid unfavorable 



conditions, as drought, competition with larger vegetation that 

 will appear later, etc. This habit has been made very con- 

 spicuous by cultivation in many plants, as the carrot, turnip, 

 radish, and beet. But in nature the very short, almost flat stems 

 and fleshy roots are also of common occurrence, c. g., the wild 

 carrot, wood betony, dandelion, etc. In many cases the short 

 stem itself is the storage organ and consequently it becomes en- 



ln.. 7_- Shortened typ ms: .'. corm <>t" jack-in-the-pulpil \t 



ew showing lateral buds, roots :m<l Bheathing leaf arising 

 frc.iii top of shortened stem, At riijit sectional view with folded I 

 in bud a1 apex of stent />'. Imll> type of shortened stems, At Kit Im1!> of 

 onion showing the ensheathing leaves which are swollen at their 

 with food, tints forming the bulb. At rijjit, section "t' a bulb of hyacinth 

 showing the fleshy leav< - attached t" the verj -li« >rt stem and in tin- center 

 of the luilii a flower cluster. 



