DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 319 



meet with such suitable conditions as to enable them to mature 

 archegonia and antheridia, and so provide for a new sporophyte. 

 In Selaginclla the formation of the gametophyte is ensured by 

 the food supplied to it by the sporophyte. Thus the germina- 

 tion of the spore is practically independent of its surroundings 

 and it can complete its growth under a variety of conditions, 

 even in the dark. It should also be noted that this relationship 

 of the two generations results in a marked reduction in the size 

 of both the male and female gametophyte, since they are no 

 longer burdened with the work of food construction. This re- 

 duction will proceed very rapidly as we advance through the 

 remaining groups. 



(c) Germination of the Gamctospore. — The germination of 

 the gametospore is very much like that of the Lycopodium. The 

 suspensor is much longer and the young sporophyte consists of 

 a stem bearing two cotyledons, a well-developed foot and a root 

 that is developed after the other organs (Fig. 243, 8). The foot 

 continues to absorb food from the gametophyte after the stem 

 and root have emerged, and in this condition the relation of the 

 sporophyte to the gametophyte is strikingly suggestive of a 

 sprouting seed (Fig. 243, 10). In this connection it should be 

 remembered that the young sporophyte of certain species remains 

 in the gametophyte during the winter or during a drought in a 

 resting or dormant condition, thus resembling very closely the 

 seed structure to be seen in the next group. It may also be 

 stated that fertilization and even the formation of the young 

 sporophyte may begin before the spores are discharged from the 

 sporangium, thus helping us to understand how it came about 

 that the megaspores were permanently retained in the sporan- 

 gium, as is the case among seed plants. In one of the large 

 groups of ferns that have become extinct, it is noteworthy that 

 both the gametophyte and young sporophyte were retained in the 

 sporangium so that the seed-like structures were formed. 



