376 



THE GRAM IN ALES 



time to note the time of flowering, the region on the spike where 

 it begins and the manner of opening of the bracts and extension 

 of anther and stigma. Many open between 6 and 7 A. M. on 

 pleasant days. Owing to the swelling of the lodicules, or, of 



Fig. 284. Fig. 285. 



Fig. 284. Flower and fruit of grass : $A, a single flower with the two 

 enveloping bracts opened, exposing the stamens and pistil with feathery 

 stigmas. 3B, flower with outer firm bract removed — /, lodicules ; st. stigma. 

 6, mature fruit or grain — c, region of embryo. 7, section through base of 

 grain, showing the root, stem, leaves, and scutellum, sc, or absorbing organ 

 of the embryo; en, endosperm. y.l, diagram of a few of the outer cells 

 of the scutellum, sc. 



Fig. 285. Inflorescence of one of the sedges, Carex: p, spike of pistillate 

 flowers, each pistil is surrounded by a papery sac, through which the style 

 and stigma protrude; s, spike bearing staminate flowers. Note the tri- 

 angulaf stem, a characteristic of this large genus of over 1,000 species. 



the base of the bracts, these latter organs are forced apart, per- 

 mitting the extension of the stigma and anthers. The filament 

 quickly elongates and soon curves so as to allow the anther to 



