412 



THE PAPAVERALES 



the bee procures the honey, the purpose of the wings on the 

 narrow petals and the position of the nectar glands. Is the 

 stigma mature before the anthers open? The structure of this 

 higher type of the poppies makes the transition to the mustard 

 family a simple one. 



(b) The Mustard Family, Crucifcrae. — Here we find the 

 sepals and petals four in number, and the latter arranged cross- 

 wise (Fig. 309, A, B), thus explaining the family name, Crucif- 

 erae. The petals usually have rather long claws (Fig. 309, D) 



Fig. 309. Example of the mustard family, order Papaverales : A, branch 

 of Brassica, one of the turnips. B, a flower enlarged. C, flower in section. 

 1), a petal, showing narrow claw and broad blade. E, pistil. F, fruit, the 

 valves of the two carpels opened to show the seeds. 



that are so associated with the sepals as to form a narrow tubular 

 perianth that effectually conceals the nectar glands situated at 

 the base of the ovary. There are usually six stamens, but the 



