4i8 



THE ROSALES 



structure that may be rather broad and shallow as in the straw- 

 berry, cinquefoil and blackberry (Fig. 312), but in higher types 

 the receptacle more or less completely surrounds the pistils as 

 in the spiraea, avens, rose, agrimony (Fig. 313). In the apple 

 family, including the apple, peach, quince, shadbush, thornapple, 

 hawthorn, the ovules are completely enveloped by the receptacle 

 (Fig. 314, A-C) as in the currants, while in the plum family, 

 with its plum, prune, cherry, peach, almond, apricot members, 

 the pistils are reduced to one and do not adhere to the cup-like 

 receptacle (Fig. 314, D-F). 



The senna family has essentially the same type of flower as 

 the plum save that the pistil usually contains many seeds (nor- 



Fig. 314. Flowers and fruits of the apple and plum families: ./, inflor- 

 escence of the apple (Mains). B, section of flower, showing adhesion of 

 receptacle to the ovary, epigynous flower. C, sections of the fruit — c, ear- 

 pels of the pistil; r, fleshy receptacle. D, flower of cherry (Primus). E, 

 section of flower — r, cup-like receptacle which falls off as fruit matures. 

 F, fruit in section, showing the outer part of the wall of the ovary as a 

 fleshy rind and the inner part forming the stone or pit which enclosed a 

 single seed. 



mally but one develops in the plum) and splits at maturity into 

 two valves, a form of fruit called a pod. For example, in the 



