70 Further Notes on Queensland Termites. [Sess. 
important points from the species which dwell around it, 
and a fortiori from those described by Grassi. It alone, so 
far as I know, has the soldier caste armed with the peculiarly 
modified head. Compare it with the more typical head. 
Is the strange proboscis formed by the fusion of the labrum 
and mandibles? The maxille, labium, and palps remain 
normal. It will occur to you that Diptera and Hemiptera 
show analogous but quite different fusion. It may be sus- 
pected that in the other large termitaries soldiers will have 
this speciality, and many other specific and generic characters 
of their own. 
Among other differences between Australian and Sicilian 
species, the following are prominent :— 
1. The Australian species are mound-builders; the Sicilian 
are not, and, as I gather, use no earth as building material. 
Calotermes makes no tubes at all. Termes lucifugus uses a 
compound of fecal and disgorged matter to make gutters, the 
tubes being always less than two inches long. The two 
species often share together the same vegetable host without 
any partition, and have no interests external to their dwelling. 
The mound-builders, on the contrary, annex and penetrate all 
the surrounding country. 
2. Calotermes lays only 12 eggs a-day. The mound- 
builder queen, swollen and gravid, probably lays a thousand 
or more. Such numbers may be seen lying on a heap, 
evidently the result of one effort. I find by a rough calcu- 
lation that the queen is capable of containing 20,000 eggs in 
a nearly ripe condition. Even this large number is insufficient 
to provide for the needs of the community, and hints at re- 
newed intercourse with the male during her long life. I take 
this opportunity of saying that functional males are only to 
be seen in the termitary shortly before swarming: very differ- 
ent is this from the Sicilian arrangements. 
3. In the Sicilians, sexes swarm at different times. I 
have seen nothing to distinguish two sexes in Australian 
swarms. JI interpret this to mean that those which I have 
observed are males, and that winged females in the swarm 
are very rare, and so escape observation. 
4, Grassi refers in calotermes to what he calls genital 
appendices, which he regards as a link between the Corro- 
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