1901-1902. | The Daisy and the Dandelion. 301 
positee are not alike. In some all the florets are of the same 
shape. They may either be all tubular or all ligulate. Others 
have two kinds of florets on the same head. Sometimes these 
florets are of the same colour, sometimes they differ in colour 
as well as in shape. We have thus four groups—l1st, All 
florets alike, and all tubular; 2nd, All alike, and all ligulate ; 
3rd, Florets of two kinds, but of the same colour; 4th, Florets 
of two kinds, and of two colours. The dandelion belongs to 
the second group; the daisy to the fourth or highest. There 
are two ways of treating any problem in Biology or Sociology. 
One is, to investigate for yourself; the other is, to take down 
your Darwin and read what the great teacher has said on the 
subject. Both are good, but as a mental discipline it is 
perhaps better to study the subject unaided, and when you 
have come to definite conclusions, to see by consulting Darwin’s 
works whether your conclusions are correct or otherwise. 
Can the plants we have selected give us any information as 
to how we ought to act? This may seem a fanciful way of 
gaining information, but analogies can be found. When we 
_ observe an eclipse we generally look at the sun through 
_. smoked glass, but we can look at it reflected from a basin of 
water. So we can look at human life directly, or view it 
indirectly reflected from the mirror of the life of the lower 
animals or of plants. In the first place, I may say that what 
man is to the lower animals the Composite are to other 
flowers: this applies specially to the higher section of them. 
Like man, they have succeeded in the struggle for existence 
by being social and by division of labour. They are eury- 
thermal, or able to live in almost any climate, like man; not 
stenothermal, or restricted to a few climates, like monkeys. 
The analogue to monkeys is the Dipsacus family, which are 
gregarious in family groups, but have not developed division 
of labour, and their anthers do not combine. Still lower are 
the Caprifoils and Valerians, which have no common involucre 
nor combined anthers. They are like a herd of oxen, or a 
flock of sheep, to which you may at any time add one animal 
or remove one, and it still remains a herd or flock. Not so in 
human beings. The group is a definite one, bound together 
by kindred, and by a common language represented in Com- 
