374 Geological History of the Coast of Fife. [Sess, 
faulted in a very striking manner just to the south of the rifle 
target, and in one of the fault fissures this rock is seen to be 
much dolomitised, and to pass by insensible gradations into 
Hydrohematite or Turgite, which is not commonly recorded 
in our mineral lists. 
Climbing over the cliff above the target we come upon an 
interesting sea-cavern, which was worn by the sea when the 
land stood a few feet (say 20) lower than it does at present. 
It occurs on nearly the same level as most of the other up- 
raised sea-caverns around the coast of Scotland. Why they 
should have been formed more commonly at the period in 
question than at any other has not yet been explained. 
Going on in the direction of Seafield Tower, we find, in 
the sandstones which overlie the limestone just mentioned, 
interesting examples of two intrusive sheets of rock, which can 
clearly be seen to cut across the rocks in which they occur. 
At any rate, the eruptive rocks in question are not lavas. As 
a matter of fact, it is not certain that any outpourings of lava 
later than the one which supports the target and in which 
the cavern has been excavated occur in this neighbourhood. 
Apparently with the subsidence which led to the conditions 
under which limestone No. 2 was formed the volcano ceased 
to give forth any more material at the surface. Most of the 
eruptive rock met with as we go nearer Kirkcaldy, and which 
is so well seen around Raith, was certainly formed under- 
ground, and occurs in the form of intrusive sheets instead of as 
lava flows. In the two thin intrusive sheets just mentioned 
occurs Stilbite, which, by the way, can be met with also at 
Pettycur. It is of the vermilion-red variety. 
Going in the direction of Seafield Tower we meet with lime- 
stone No. 3, which, like those which preceded it, represents a 
purely marine deposit, formed, I think, during one of the 
temporary returns to deep-water conditions which this district 
underwent. Like the other two, this limestone can be traced 
far into the north of England, occurring all the way with 
nearly the same characters, fossils, and thickness. 
Next above No. 3 Limestone begin the local representatives 
of the Edge Coal Series of the Lothians. Here, in Fife, coals 
are not so marked a feature of these rocks as they are to the 
south of the Forth. But it may be mentioned that the coal 
