126 ECHINOIDEA. I. 



That this form is widely different from Toxocidaris tuhcrcitlattts is evident from tlie characters 

 mentioned here; ou the other haud the globiferoirs pedicellariæ show that it is rather closely allied to 

 Strongylocciitrotns. But the pecuHar spicules and the petaloid pore areas characterizes it snfficienth' 

 as a separate genns, which keeps, of conrse, the name of Aiitliocidaris. Liitken (loc. cit.) regards it 

 as identical with Ecliimis /loiiialosfovia Valenc; I do not know whether this is correct, but it is so far 

 of no consequence, as this species will, at all events, get the name of Aiitliocidaris liomalostoina. I 

 suppose that this species has hitherto been confounded with Toxocidaris tiihcrcidafits^ which it resem- 

 bles to some degree, and which is also said to occur at Japan. T. hiberculat/ts, however, is indigenous 

 in the Anstralian seas, and mitil renewed examinations have corroborated its occiirrence at Japan, I 

 must suppose a confounding with A. Iiovialostovw to have taken place. As to habitus A. Iwmalostoma 

 is very similar to Pscudoccntrotns dcprcssus, wliich latter has also jJetaloid ambulacra; but its colour 

 is (alwa}-s?) brownish red, and it is somewhat more flattened. The examination of pedicellariæ and 

 spicules will immediately show them to be two widely different forms. 



Where the species Str. vicxicamis^ niidits^ and globiilosiis are to be referred, cannot be seen 

 from the existing descrijDtions. The other species referred to Stroiigylocciitrotiis tluis prove to belong 

 to no fewer than 6 different genera: Sfrongylocenfrotus, Pseudocentrotus^ Loxccliinus^ Paraccjitrotus^ 

 Toxocidaris^ and Aiitliocidaris, and it may perhaps even be necessary to divide the first one into two 

 genera. And these genera are excellently characterized, and so far from being closely allied, that they 

 are to be grouped into three different families. We can scarcely wish for a more striking proof of the 

 insufficiency of the characters that are taken only from the test and the spines. 



StonwpiicHstes variolaris (Lamk.). Of this very peculiar form I am able to give some new 

 informations; I have not, however, had material sufficient for clearing up everything that might be 

 wished for. — A primary tubercle is only found on every fourth or fifth ambulacral plate; each of 

 these large tubercles spreads over more piates — but it is difficult to decide over how man_\-, as no 

 boundary lines are seen between the piates; it may, however, be seen from the pores that the faet is 

 so, as more arcs are foimd opposite to each tubercle. Two ocular piates reach to the periproct. The 

 bnccal membrane contains numeroiis lengthened, fine fenestrated piates, of which a few are a little 

 complicate and carry pedicellariæ. Small spines are found ou the buccal piates. The gills contain 

 numerous, mostly three-radiate sjjicules (PI. XVII. Fig. 13), but not the common irregular fenestrated 

 piates. The globiferous pedicellariæ are of a quite unique form. There is no end-tooth, but the blade 

 ends truncately with a long tooth in each corner (PI. XMI. Fig. 17), sometimes two teeth on one side, 

 or that on the one .side a little below the corner. These teeth have no poison canal, and upon the 

 whole no poison gland seems to be found (I have not, however, been able to ascertaiu this faet with 

 full certaint)-). The blade is open, rather flat, the apoph3-sis ends abruptly without any widening 

 above. Tliere is no neck, and the stalk is very short and compact. This very peculiar, large, and 

 powerful form of pedicellariæ is, unfortunateh', very scarce; in the two specimens I have examined, 

 I have only been able to find one in each specimen, placed in one of the interambnlacral furrows 

 near the ambitus. Besides another, smaller form of globiferous pedicellariæ seems to be found, with 

 end-tooth and i — i lateral tooth, ver>- similar to those of Paraccntrotus Hvidics; but I have not been 

 able to niake quite sure of this faet. The tridentate pedicellariæ are distinguished b)- the apophysis 



