,2 ECHIXOIDEA. II. 



and Iceland iinist accordinoly foi- the present not be named among the localities of this species. At 

 the Færoe Islands I have taken (in 1899) enormous quantities of dead tests togetlier with some living 

 speciniens; thus in ca. i5ofathonis, 13 miles W. by S. of Mmiken (at the Sonth End of Sndero) I took 

 in one dredging 672 dead tests and only 14 living speciniens; in ca. 70 fathonis, g miles E. S. E. of 



Bispen (at the north end of the islands) one dredging gave 50 dead tests and 2 living specimens. 

 At these localities also enormous quantities of dead moUusc-shells and very few living speciniens 

 were found; they may with full right be termed submarine . shellbanks : '. 



For the rest, Echhiocyaiiuts pitsilins occurs from Northern Norway, along the EurojDean coasts, 

 in the British Seas, the Mediterranean, at the Azores and along the African Coast down to Cape Bojador 

 (Doderlein. Op. cit. p. 234). The batlninetrical distribution is from o— ca. 400 fathoms, the greatest 

 depth from which the species is liitherto known with certaint>- being 835 meters (61^ 7' Lat. N. 9° 30' 

 Long. W. — Thor. 1904). The fairh- numerous records of its occurrence at greater depths (down to 

 (800 — icxx) fathoms) are, so far as I have been able to ascertain, all based 011 wrong identifications, as 

 shown below. (A pair of small, old dead tests of Ecli. piisiLlus from a depth of 1290 M. (Lat. N. 38^ 

 Long. W. 30°! do not prove that the species lives at so great a depth. 1 



According to Professor A. Agassiz, wliom all the later authors follow in this, EcJiinocyainus 

 pusilliis is found also on the American side of the Atlantic, viz. at Florida and the West Indies (Gulf 

 of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Brazil) at a depth of 75 — ca. 800 fathoms (.most abundant between 150 and 

 400 fathoms-. iBlakes-Echini. p. 40). It is also recorded from 5 fathoms at Salt Key (Pourtalés); but 

 since Professor Agassiz himself owns to have at first mistaken young Clypeasters (S'folonoclypiis) for 

 Echinocyamus (Rev. of Echini p. 304), it may perhaps be allowed to suggest that the specimens from 

 Salt Kev are also realh" young Clypeasters, this Echinocyaiints having nowhere else been recorded 

 from less than 75 fathonis. The faet that E.cli. pusilliis is not known (living) from Iceland, Greenland 

 and the American Coast north of the Florida Strait makes it beforehand doubtful, whether the American 

 form can be realh' identical with the European species (though, of course, it is not impossible, other 

 instances of species occurring botli at the West Indies and in the Mediterranean being well known |. 

 A close examination of specimens from the Blake , the Albatross and the Challenger (St. 122), 

 respectiveh- in the U. S. National Museum, the Museum of Yale College and the British Museum ha.s 

 fulh' confirmed niy doubt. These specimens differ from Ec/i. pnsillus in so many important features 

 that there can be no doubt of tlieir forming a very distinct, new species. I am especially indebted to 

 Professor Rathbun for sending inaterial of this species for study to Copeuhagen. 



Echinocyamus pusillus is further recorded from a depth of 1300 ^I. from the Azores (Koehler. 

 Op. cit. p. 241 and from 1694 M. at Cape Verde (Doderlein. Op. cit. p. 234). Ha\ing seen that the Ameri- 

 can specimens were not really Ecli. pusillus I felt some doubt, whether the specimens from such great 

 depths might not prove identical with the American species, and I therefore applied to Professors 



Doderlein and Koehler for permission to examine the .specimens from these localities. With their 

 usual great liberality the> gave their permission; Professor Koehler e\-en sent me all his rich ma- 

 terial of Eclmiocyavms. and Professor Chuii, besides allowing me to 23artl\ denude the only specimen 



I Comp. A. C. Johansen: Om Aflejringen af MoUnskernes Skaller i Ind.soer og i Havet. Vidensk. lledd. fra Natur- 

 hist. Foren. Kjobenhavn. 1901. p. 30. 



