10 



INTRODUCTION. 



several tides, and swarms with Sipunculus, Edwardsia, and 

 Lumbriconereis. 



Within reach of the modern tide, also, it is interesting to 

 find the remains of oceanic animals long since extinct — to see 

 Actinia mesembryanthemurn attached to a mass of encrinite 

 stalks, LiUorina rudis in groups on Linc/uln-shah, and the 

 white coils of Sjrirorbis incrusting a nodule containing a 

 fossil fish. Yet these features do not appear much out of 

 place near a city whose pier is to a considerable extent con- 

 structed of the fine old stones and ancient oak which once 

 formed part of the splendid pile of its cathedral. 



On the wdiole the zoological features of St. Andrews are 

 northern. 



