94 MARINE FAUNA OF ST. ANDREWS. 



Solaster endeca, L. ; Norman, op. cit. p. 122. 

 Not uncommon on the West Sands after storms, but much 

 leas abundant than the foregoing. 



Genus 18. Ckibuella, Agassi/.. 



Onbrella sanguinolenta, O. F. Miiller; Norman, op. cit. 

 p. 124. 



Very common between tide-marks, often hanging to the 

 dripping sides and roofs of caverns. A large and much 

 softer variety occasionally occurs. The greater diameter in 

 several instances reaches 5 inches ; and one exceeds this size. 



Fam. 3. Asteriadse. 



Genus 20. ASTEEIAS, L. 

 Asterias rubens, L. ; Norman, op. cit. p. 128. 

 A bundant between tide-marks and beyond. .Many singular 

 varieties, from the loss or partial reproduction of the ra\ s, 

 occur, the most remarkable, perhaps, being that represented 

 in Plate VI. fig. 1. A specimen shows five large rays, two 

 of which are formed by the splitting of one arm, while in 

 the interspace are two small rays situated one over the other. 

 They spawn in November; and many are found in the pecu- 

 liar stool-like position, grasping the ova, at this season. The 

 same posture, however, is sometimes assumed when devouring 

 Littorina obtusata or other mollusks. Examples with devel- 

 oping arms are shown in Plate VI. figs. 2 A: 3. 



Arteritis r,',>/, ir,,t, ( ). F. Midler; Norman, op. cit. p. 128. 



As common as the foregoing, and even more so between 

 tide-marks. 



Asterias hisjrida, Pennant ; Norman, op. cit. p. 128. 

 This species has only been seen at St. Andrews by Prof. 

 Edward Forbes, who found several specimens on the sands 

 after a storm in 1S3!). Although hundreds oi' small forms 

 have been examined, no specific character has occurred to 

 separate them from the foregoing [A. rubi as and A. oiolacea). 



