200 Copepoda living as Parasites or Messfnates. [Sess. 



was described by Claparfede in 1867. Then came Lami'ppe 

 BiUhiersii and L. alcyonii, both described in 1882 ; and lastly, 

 Lamippe Forbesi, which was described and figured as Zamippe 

 sp. in Part III. of the 14th 'Annual Eeport of the Fishery 

 Board for Scotland' (1896). 



It is seldom that moderately big pieces of Alcyonium, when 

 properly examined, fail to yield examples of the parasite ; and 

 the quickest and surest way to find these parasites is to cut 

 or break the Alcyonium into pieces and shake each piece 

 vigorously in a bottle containing methylated spirit : the 

 parasite will then be found in the bottom of the bottle. 



3. Copepoda found on various Echinoderms. — During the 

 years from 1851 to 1858 Sir John Dalyell published in three 

 volumes his interesting work entitled ' The Powers of the 

 Creator displayed in Creation.' This work contains descrip- 

 tions of many curious and interesting animals. Not the least in- 

 teresting of these is the description and drawings of a copepod 

 that was found living on a kind of star-fish belonging to a 

 group commonly known as Brittle-stars. This description, 

 which was published in the first volume in 1851 (p. 233, 

 pt. Ixii., figs. 1-5), is one of the earliest records we have, if not 

 the first, for the British Islands, of a copepod living as a 

 parasite or commensal on Echinoderms. The name which 

 Sir John gave to this copepod was Cancerilla tuhxdata — prob- 

 ably because of some resemblance it has to a crab {Cancer 

 pagurus) — cancerilla meaning a small crab. This copepod, 

 though rare, has apparently an extensive distribution. The 

 late I. C. Thompson of Liverpool obtained Cancerilla in the 

 vicinity of Port Erin, Isle of Man, on Ophiocoma nigra (1) 

 and Ophiothrix fragilis C^.) ; Prof. Giard in 1887, and Dr 

 Canu in 1891-92, obtained it at Wimereaux ( Boulogne- sur- 

 Mer) and elsewhere on Amphiura squamat(% ; and in 1897 

 Dr Griesbrecht obtained it on the same species of star-fish at 

 Naples and at Bohustan. I have only seen the female once 

 in some dredged material collected off Aberdeen.^ A species 

 described by Claus under the name of Ccdigidium vagabundum, 

 and of which I obtained a specimen in the Moray Firth, is 

 said to be the male of Cancerilla. 



Scottomyzon gihberum T. and A. Scott, the species I am now 



1 Described in the 20th F.B. Report, Part III., p. 473, pi. xxv. fig. 7 (1902). 



