232 Address by the President. [Sess. 



(4) Inseda. — You have under this sub-kingdom endless 

 subjects for study, and the literature upon the various families 

 and genera is ample and various. The following books may- 

 be consulted : — 



' Introduction to Entomologj',' Kirby and Spence. 



' Guide to the Study of Insects,' Packard. 



' Origin and Metamorphosis of Insects,' Lubbock. 



' British Beetles,' Eye. 



* British Butterflies and Moths,' Stainton. 



' The Structure and Life-History of the Cockroach,' Miall and Denny. 



' The Anatomy and Physiology of the Blow-Fly,' Lowne. 



It will be observed that I have confined myself to the 

 Invertebrata, because I wished to bring under your notice 

 those subjects of study which are practicable, and, speaking 

 generally, the literature upon which is easily obtainable. To 

 those who wish to pursue their studies among the Vertebrata, 

 there can be no better subject for a beginning than the 

 Common Frog {Eana temporaria). For this the ' Practical 

 Biology' of Huxley and Martin may be followed. 



Vegetable Kingdom. — In this kingdom sections could be 

 formed for the study of the following divisions : — 



(1) Fungi. — Under this division you have some of the 

 lowest forms of vegetable life : specimens of the various 

 families are, as a rule, easily obtainable, and their life- 

 histories can be traced. The tracing of these life-histories, 

 especially in many of the microscopic fungi, is extremely inter- 

 esting. You will observe the higher plants on which they 

 are parasitic, and in some cases you will find that in the 

 course of their life-history they become parasites on plants 

 belonging to entirely different orders. As an instance of this, 

 the rust of wheat {Puccinia graminis) may be mentioned. It 

 develops two kinds of spores — uredospores and teleutospores 

 — on the green parts of certain of the Graminece, especially 

 wheat, barley, and oats, to which it is extremely injurious ; 

 while a third form of spores — fecidia — is found on the leaves 

 of the barberry. The following books will be useful : — 



'British Fungus-Flora,' Massee. 



' Introduction to the Study of Fungi,' Cooke. 



' Microscopic Fungi,' Cooke. 



(2) Algce. — Another well - defined division are the Algse : 

 here also you have got some of the lowest forms of vegetable 



