48 TORRS WARREN. 
urn emptied of its calcined bones, but no articles of any descrip- 
tion were got in it, so that it does not seem to have been a constant 
practice to place some favourite article in an urn. Some fourteen 
urns were recently found (1906) in a cairn on the Ardeer sands, 
Ayrshire ; a number of them contained white quartz pebbles, but 
only one held articles of human make—three beads and bits of 
gold leaf. 
I unearthed on the Laigh Torrs, not far from the huts, a very 
fine under quern stone, the “sitter” of grey granite, which would 
weigh about two cwts. Its grinding surface slopes gently from 
the centre towards the circumference, there being a boss in the 
middle with a shallow-spindle socket penetrating it. At the huts 
I found a fragment of an upper quern stone which appeared to 
fit the one described ; and a few other quern stones have been got 
on the Torrs. But saddle-querns or grain-rubbers rarely turn up. 
At High Torrs steading there is a large and very fine granite 
clachnotin, or barley-mill. 
I have counted eleven places, ‘‘ Bloomeries”, where iron has 
been manufactured on the Torrs, easily known from the heavy 
black slag lying about; and the remains of hearths, with bits of 
their fire-clay lining. 
Some of those now on low and flooded ground may originally 
have been higher; but others are still at their original level, with 
the burnt fire-clay still resting on a layer of soft clay, showing 
that they had not been lowered by the blowing away of the sand. 
Iron is not unfrequent, but the articles which have been made 
from it are generally in a very unsatisfactory state of preservation, 
all that one gets being often a mass of sand-crusted rust. Still, there 
is sometimes enough of the original shapes left to show that the old 
iron-workers of the Torrs were not devoid of artistic taste, and as no 
iron hammer-heads have been got on the Torrs (nor in Ayrshire), 
they probably used the hammer-stones as hammers for their iron 
work. The late Mr. Edward Carrick, of Dalry, in Ayrshire, 
Inspector of Mines in Rhodesia, South Africa, sent home some 
articles in iron which he had seen the natives fashion with stone 
hammers, and they are really very good bits of workmanship. 
Even some of the iron objects got on the Torrs had been coated 
with bronze. Recognisable iron articles comprise—arrow or fish- 
spear heads, knife-blades, rings, spring clip-shears, keys, etc. On 
