THE ROMAN WALL. I05 



i. A trench, on an average 36 feet wide and 15 feet deep. 



2. A wall built of stone, 8 feet broad and 18 feet high. 



3. Buildings for the troops, viz., large camps every four miles; 

 smaller ones, called mile-castles, every mile; and intervening 

 watch-towers 300 paces apart. 



4. A rampart consisting of a deep trench and three earthen 

 walls. 



5. Two roads — first, a military way between the wall and the 

 ramparts ; and second, a road some distance to the south of 

 both wall and rampart. 



The works constituted a camp seventy-three miles long, de- 

 fended both on the north and on the south. These enormous 

 works show their makers' great respect for their northern neigh- 

 bours, but strong as they were they did not prevent the Caledon- 

 ians from troubling the province; and twenty years later (140 a. d.) 

 Antoninus Pius sent Lollius Urbicus to subdue the northern 

 tribes. He led a successful expedition as far north as the Moray 

 Firth, but for safety restored the boundary only to the line of 

 Agricola's forts. A stone was found at Bemulie, two miles east 

 of Cadder, bearing this inscription : — 



P. LEG. II. A. 



Q. LOLLIO VR. 



LEG. AVG. PR. PR. 



[Placed by the Second Legion the August to (the honour of) 

 Quinlus Lollius Urbicus, Legate and Proprretor of the Emperor] 



(Stuart, p. 313), which confirms the statement of the historian 

 that he was the builder of the wall. This wall was a smaller 

 work than Hadrian's, and such was the celerity of the Roman 

 soldiers that it is supposed they would complete it from sea to 

 sea in a few months. The fortification consisted of — 



1. A trench 40 feet wide and 20 feet deep, which would for a 

 considerable portion of its course be filled with water. 



2. A sod rampart or wall twenty-five feet from the southern 

 edge of the ditch, 14 feet wide at the base, and probably having 

 a parapet with platform behind along its top for the use of the 

 defenders. The height is conjectured to have been from 12 to 

 20 feet. 



3. A military way along the south side of the rampart connecting 



