192 



111 sii[>poi't of his contention that the Tweeddah^-Cheviot 

 stream was the hxst on the groniid, Mr. Kendall says, " The 

 npjierniost fringe of the drift contains a quite exceptional 

 proportion of Cheviot rocks. I have previously pointed out 

 that, in the high-level deposits, Magnesian limestone of the tyjie 

 found on the coast of Durham is also excejitionally abundant, 

 while Carboniferous rocks are lu-oportionately rare. These facts 

 are consistent Avith the view that the Cheviot ice passed over 

 the comparatively small outcrop of Carboniferous rocks in 

 Xorthumberland, and out to sea ; then, descriljing a great ci;rve, 

 re-invaded the land somewhere between the Tyne and the Tees, 

 bringing in stones such as flints from the l)ed of tlie North Sea, 

 and marine shells in a more or less smasheil condition from the 

 same source."'^' He continues, " Indeed, the extension of the 

 Cheviot ice was, in nij' ojiinion, coincident with the limit of 

 maximum glaciation from the Wykeham moraine right round to 

 Scarth Nick." 



During this maximum extension of the ice our higher moors 

 stood out above it. Eosedale, Farndale and Bransdale were 

 unaffected, and Bilsdale was only affected to the extent of 

 having sent into it an overflow of water impounded by the 

 ice-front near Ingleby Greenhow. The whole of Eskdale formed 

 a lake from near Kildale Church to Lealholm, Avith ramifications 

 into Westerdale, Dauby and the Fryups. Similar lakes were 

 impounded in Glaisdale, Wheeldale, Iburndale, Harwood Dale, 

 and the Hackness valley. There Avas a glacier-lake in Scugdale, 

 and another in GreenhoAV Botton, Avhile the whole of the 

 Pickering valley Avas occupied by a large lake. There AA-^as a 

 series held up against the moor banks soutli of Guisliorough 

 and Moorsholiu. These drained from one iutd another in 

 aligned sequence and then into Lake Eskdale, flrst by Eavc Crag 

 Slack toAvards Danby, and then by Stonegate to Glaisdale. 



The outflow from Lake Eskdale Avas in the direction of 

 Goathland. The channel cut by the outfloAving Avaters at the 

 time of the maximum extension of the ice is to be seen curving 

 round the edge of Murk Mire Moor to Hazel Head and the 

 HoUins, for the first mile and a half as a typical moss-filled 

 V-shajied overfloAv-trench, and afterAvards as a mere shelf without 

 retaining Avail, save here and there a mass of gravel. The 

 original retaining Avail Avas, of course, the ice. The intake of 

 this overfloAv Avas at first about 725 feet above sea-level, and is cut 

 doAvn to about 714 feet CD. At the termination of the channel 



(1) Journ. Geol, Soc, I.e., y. 565. 



