6 PHANEROGAMS AND FERNS OF SOUTH ARDGOIL. 
beds of rushes. These rush beds have practically the same 
limits as the bracken, that is, up to eleven hundred feet, but 
they are often developed in tracts where the bracken will not 
grow. The dominating rush is Juncus acutiflorus, and the 
invariable associate is Potentilla Tormentilla. 
A typical association from a bed at 1100 feet was :— 
Juncus acutiflorus. Viola palustris. 
Euphrasia officinalis. Epilobium palustre. 
Ranunculus acris. Plantago lanceolata. 
Potentilla Tormentilla. 
An association at 450 feet, with rush strongly developed, 
was :— 
Juncus acutiflorus. Holcus lanatus. 
Potentilla Tormentilla. Holcus mollis. 
Viola palustris. Sphagnum. 
An association at 450 feet, with rush weakly developed, 
was :— 
Juncus acutiflorus. Molinia czrulea. 
Carum verticillatum. Galium saxatile. 
HeatHer.—In his paper on ‘The Flora of the Arrochar 
Mountains” (vide Vol. IIL., p. 107) Mr Lee notices the absence 
of true heather moors in that district. This absence is char- 
acteristic of the northern part of the area described in this 
paper, but southwards the ling, instead of remaining a sub- 
ordinate constituent in the vegetation, becomes more and 
more social in its development. Over the Saddle and the hills 
to the south and west, as well as over some tracts on Ben 
Reithe, Carn Glas, and Tom nan Gamhna, the ling becomes 
dominant and covers considerable areas with heather moor. 
In Ardgoil the ling begins to fail in robustness about fifteen 
hundred feet, and ceases to be strikingly social in development 
about seventeen hundred feet, but occurs as a reduced occa- 
sional constituent up to nineteen hundred feet. 
Grass.—Above the bracken, rush, and heather areas extend 
the grass associations—using grass in its old and widest sense 
as applied to the complex green carpet—which comprise all 
sorts of plants associated with grass proper. These also 
extend down to sea-level, wherever they are not masked or 
ousted by bracken, rush, heather, or woodland. It follows. 
from their great altitudinal range that they vary much in 
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