a4 



Yngleby Churche, under the glasse wyndoo of the Southside of 

 the Churche. To the Churche warke and for my beriall vjs viijd. 

 To Yngleby Church ij torches." Mr. Brown points out that this 

 was perhaps the only glass window in the Church at that date. 

 The manufacture of glass has of course long been known. 

 We have in our possession some bottles dating from the period 

 when the Romans were the masters of the country, or what after- 

 wards became such. Its use for Church-windows also was early. 

 About 675 Benedict Biscop, who was at the time erecting a 

 religious house at the mouth of the Wear, sent to Gaul for men to 

 make glass for the windows thereof. The historian tells us that 

 there had been no glass makers in this country previously. 

 Before they returned they taught the English the art of making 

 glass. It did not however become general in the windows of 

 country Churches till long after this. 



May, 1893. God and the Church.— On page xii of the 

 Introduction to the Ingleby Parish Register, of which so many of 

 the subscribers to the magazine possess copies, there is printed 

 a Latin document, with the following English translation : — 

 " Let all men know, present and future, that I, Stephen Hay, 

 have given and by this my present charter confirmed to God and 

 the Church of St. Andrew of Ingleby, one half acre of land in 

 Ingleby, namely on the outside at the north of my two oxgangs 

 in Aistangarthes, for the salvation of my soul and the souls of 

 my fathers and mothers and ancestors, for a free and pure and 

 perpetual alms : — To be held of me and my heirs, freely and 

 exempt from every secular service and exaction. And I and my 

 heirs will warrant the aforesaid alms to the aforesaid Church for 

 ever. These being witnesses R. . . . Parson of Ingleby, Walter a 

 Chaplain, Henry a Deacon, Arnald a Deacon, William Lane : 

 and others. There we have an illustration of the way in which the 

 property of the Church of England was given to it. Stephen Hay 

 was on his death bed. He was the possessor of a virgate or yard- 

 land, the usual size of holding throughout England, consisting of 

 two oxgangs or bovates of land. The size of the oxgang varied much 

 on account of the nature of the land and because the big manor- 

 plough with its eight oxen could turn up a great deal more soil in 

 light land than in heavy. So there were bigger oxgangs on light 

 land. In Little Broughton where there must have been some strong 

 clay, there were some oxgangs of only eight acres, and in Great 

 Broughton, where there must have been light land, there were 

 some with as many as eighteen acres. The average size of the ox- 

 gang in England was about 15 acres, and it so happens that it was 

 of exactly this size in that part of the parish of Ingleby in which 



