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of these reveal a large mixture of shells, chiefly cockles, mussels, 

 and whelks, at a depth of about 18 inches from the the surface, 

 which would almost suggest that the river had at some remote 

 time emptied at a higher level, and covered much of the adjoining 

 marshes and land which is now under cultivation ; or perhaps, 

 more properly speaking, that the beach had been raised. In the 

 vicinity of the river, near Middlesbrough, are found patches of 

 peat, in which occur large quantities of timber, in most cases 

 hard and sound, and with the bark still on. In digging for 

 drainage and foundation works, the stems of trees have frequently 

 to be sawn through at each side of the cutting ; in this peat have 

 also been found deer's horns in perfect condition. '1 he dredges 

 of the Tees Conservancy Commissioners have at various times 

 brought to the surface semi-fossil remains. In the Albert Park 

 at Middlesbrough is a gigantic tree, dredged from the bed of the 

 river some years ago, and said to be oak ; it is perfectly sound and 

 hard — indeed, sound enough to be made into furniture. I have 

 also seen a fairly perfect skull of an animal of the genus Bos 

 (probably Bos primigenius), which measured 2 ft. 4 in. across the 

 horns — which were, however, imperfect- 8 in. across the skull 

 just below the horns, \0\ in. at the eyes, and 1 ft. 9 in. in 

 height, though imperfect. I have also seen part of a very large 

 skull, probably a Mastodon, and a single vertebra (of some 

 animal) fully a foot in diameter, and two very large and perfect 

 deer's horns, besides many other bones ; these are all in private 

 hands, and have not been examined by any expert, so far as I 

 am aware. 



Turning to the fauna of the Tees, if we look over the Ordnance 

 and other maps, we find many names suggestive of the same, 

 some of animals long since extinct. We have Seal Sand in the 

 river estuary, and Seal Goit on the coast beyond Saltburn, 

 Wolviston and Wolviston Grange on the north side of the river, 

 and, as might be expected, Cowpen in the same neighbourhood ; 

 then we have Hartburn, near Stockton, and Hart and Hartlepool 

 on the adjoining coast, and, of less significance, Hunter Hall and 

 Cat Coat ; and on the south side, Warrenby at the mouth 

 of the river, Eaglescliffe near Yarm, and probably Ayresome near 

 Newport, North Hern near Hartlepool, and Dabhohn Beck 

 adjoining Coatham Marshes. 



Porpoises (Phocwna communis) are abundant in the sea at the 

 mouth of the river, and frequently enter and are sometimes 

 captured in the river. One was seen in the river at Newport, 



