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THE FAUNA OF CLEVELAND— PAST AND PRESENT. 



by Frank Elgee. 



Contexts. 



1 . Introduction. 



2. The Marine Fauna. 



3. Past Marine Faunas. 



4. The Terrestrial Fauna. 



5. The History of the Terrestrial Fauna. 



6. Conclusion. 



1 . — Introduction. 



The history of the animals of our district, including those 

 inhabiting both sea and land, is a subject which must be of 

 interest to all the members of a society, having for one of its 

 objects the investigation of the fauna of Cleveland. During 

 the last few decades, the zoology and palaeontology of North 

 Eastern Yorkshire have been zealously studied by numerous 

 enthusiastic observers, many of whom are prominent mem- 

 bers of this society. Thanks to their labours, we now possess 

 a tolerably comprehensive idea of the character of the local 

 fauna, its constituent species, and their local distribution — 

 though it must be admitted that very much more work re- 

 mains to be done, before our knowledge of it can be regarded 

 as anything like complete. Nevertheless, an attempt will here 

 be made to survey the zoology and palaeontology of Cleveland 

 as a coherent whole ; to consider the distribution of the 

 various animals in space and time ; to ascertain the elements 

 of which the fauna is composed, and the natural groups into 

 which it can be divided : and to trace the faunas that have 

 at different periods lived within the district. 



