1920] Wheeler — Subfamilies of Formicidae and Other Taxonomic Notes 



49 



may be able to produce a variety of sounds and therefore apprise 

 the nurses of more than one need or craving. 



The adult Pseudomyrminse are so peculiar in structure that 

 Emery, Ashmead (1905) and others have been led to separate them 

 sharply from all other Myrmicinse. The shape of the head in the 

 worker and female and especially of the clypeus and frontal carinae 

 is unique, the eyes are very large and there is a strong tendency to 

 development of ocelli in the workers, the conformation of the pet- 

 iole, postpetiole and tibial spurs is peculiar, and as I have recently 

 shown (1919b), the number of antennal joints (12) is the same in 

 the male as in the worker and female in all four genera. 



Fig. 1. a, Ingluvies, or "crop," b, calyx of proventriculus, or "gizzard," and c, 

 ventriculus, or "stomach," of Pachysitna aethiops Fabr.; d, proventriculus seen 

 from the front under a higher magnification. 



Little study has been devoted to the structure of the proventri- 

 culus, or "gizzard" in the Myrmicinse, but Meinert, Forel and 

 Emery have described and figured it as simple and tubular in most 

 genera and of a very primitive type compared with the conditions 

 in the Dolichoderinse and Camponotinae. I find, however, that 

 the proventriculus of all four genera of the Pseudomyrminse is 

 much more specialized, being anteriorly developed as an apple- or 

 quince-shaped ball, covered with longitudinal and circular muscles 

 and with four distinct, connate sepals, bluntly rounded and finely 

 hairy at their tips, and posteriorly as a very short, tubular, con- 



