70 Psyche [August 



Guinea. Since workers of darwini var. indica Emery, recently 

 received by the senior author from the Phihppines, have minute, 

 vestigial eyes, this species must be transferred to the ochracea group. 



The yellow or ferruginous coloration of both females and work- 

 ers and the minute eyes of the latter in all the species of the ochracea 

 group show that these ants must lead a concealed, hypogseic exist- 

 ence. The females of some of the species, notably of ochracea and 

 darwini, are known to fly to lights and are therefore more fre- 

 quently taken than the workers. But gilva must be either extremely 

 rare or extremely local or its female would have turned up in some 

 of the many collections made since 1863. It would seem to be, in 

 fact, an ancient relict on the verge of extinction. Its discovery in 

 Tennessee, a region in which other interesting animal and plant 

 relicts have survived, is not without significance. Since there is a 

 Trachymesopus succinea Mayr, in the Baltic Amber, the subgenus 

 goes back at least to the Lower Oligocene, but as only female speci- 

 mens of this species are known it is impossible to say whether it be- 

 belongs to the stigma or ochracea group. 



Emery in his admirable paper on the North American ants, 

 published in 1895, states that he has seen two worker cotypes of 

 gilva from the Berlin Museum and besides adding somewhat to 

 Roger's description, gives an excellent figure of the thorax. A 

 more detailed description, with a figure (Fig. 1) of the head, body 

 and middle leg, is appended. 



Euponera (Trachymesopus) gilva (Roger). 



Pondera gilva Roger, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr. 5, 1863, p. 170 ^ ; 



Mayr, Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 36, 1886, p. 438 y ; Dalla 



Torre, Catal. Hymen. 7, 1893, p. 39 ^ ; Emery, Zool. Jahrb. 



Abth. Syst. 8, 1895, p. 266, pi. 8, fig. 10 ^ ; Wheeler, Ants, 



etc., 1910, p. 561 g . 

 Pachycondyla (Pseudoponera) gilva Emery, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 



45, 1901, p. 46' y . 

 Euponera (Trachymesopus) gilva Emery, Genera Insect. Ponerinse, 



1910, p. 86 S . 



Worker. Length 3-3.4 mm. Head shaped as in Ponera coarc- 

 tata, slightly longer than broad, somewhat broader behind than in 

 front, with feebly convex sides and nearly straight posterior border. 



