(A.) 



ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 



The two following papers are republished in this place, for conven- 

 ience of reference, and as being a portion of the work of the Entomolo- 

 gist during the period for which his report is made. 



\_Fro»i Psyche, Novein. -Decern. , i&S-i, iv,//. 103-106.] 



A NEW SEXUAL CHARACTER IN THE PUP/E OF SOME 

 LEPIDOPTERA. 



(Read before the American Association for tlie Advancement of Science at its Montreal 

 meeting, August, 1882.) 



The sexual characters of insects have alwaj^s been an interesting study- 

 to the entomological student, the more so as they are the less apparent, 

 and discoverable, if to be found at all, only as the result of close observa- 

 tion and comparison. In the larger proportion of insects, in the perfect 

 stage, they are so marked as to leave no doubt of the sex when the male 

 and female are compared. Thus in the Hymenoptera, we have the ovi- 

 positor in its varied forms, often quite conspicuous. In the Lepidoptera; 

 among the Hcterocera, there are usually the more full}^ developed antennae 

 of the male, and the broader, conical and more capacious abdomen of the 

 female — features attaining their maximum development m the family of 

 BombycidcE. In the Diptera, there are the larger and more approximate 

 eyes in the male, and conspicuous structural differences in the antennae 

 and suctorial apparatus in some of the families. In the Coleoptera, there 

 are often, in the male, stouter legs, broader tarsi, greatly elongated man- 

 dibles and other horn-like caputal and thoracic processes. In the He- 

 miptera, the vocal organs in the Cicadidcc, the ovipositor in several of the 

 families, and the great sexual differences in size and in the presence or 

 absence of wings are prominent features. In the Orthoptera, there are 

 the stridulating wing-nerves, the extended ovipositor, and a genital arma- 

 ture greatly varied in its adaptation to greatl}^ differing habits. And in 

 the Neuroptera, distinctive male characters are found in clasping organs, 

 in differences in color and in size, the long mandibles of Corydahts, the 

 abnormal location of the intromittent organ in Lz'belluh'dce, and in the 

 elongated and forcipated genitalia of Panorpa. 



In addition to such primary features as above noted, there are numer- 

 ous secondary ones, which do not appear to be so dependent upon sex. 



