SCOTTISH FORESTS IN EARLY TIMES. 107 



foithrie^ garan) apply to bushes, brushwood or thickets : and 

 five others, .n different Celtic dialects (craobh, crann, preas, cea P> 

 and Me) mean a tree. Then the following species of trees 

 are represented in our Gaelic place-names-the elm (kamhan), 

 willow ■ (sakach), oak (darach), Scots fir (cona), pine (giubhas) 

 birch (beithe), apple {abhail ox ubkal), alder {fearna), yew (iubhar) 

 jumper („,*,/), holly {cuilionn)i mountain ash of ^^ " * 



caorrunn), elder (dronan), blackthorn (^to.), hawthorn 

 (sceack or ««««*), bramble or thom ^^ ^ (>w ^ Qr 

 mnseann), hazel (*// or mO**), and aspen (critheach). The 

 distribution of place-names in Scotland containing these words is 

 general and wide, often extending into districts where Gaelic has 

 not been spoken for long generations, as could be readily illustrated 

 by examples from my list; but the mention of this phase of my 

 subject must suffice at present. On some subsequent occasion it 

 may be more fully considered, and something also said of the later 

 history of our forests and woodlands. 



